Review of Contemporary Philosophy Journal Title: Review of Contemporary Philosophy (An international peer-reviewed academic journal) ISSN: 1841-5261, e-ISSN: 2471-089X Publisher: Auricle Global Society of Education and Research Publisher Address: Y-18-A, Near Sanskar Play School, Sudarshana Nagar, Bikaner, Rajasthan (India), Pin 334004 Publisher E-Mail: publisher@agser.org Frequency: once a year (August) Acceptance Rate (2023): 17% Review of Contemporary Philosophy publishes mainly original empirical research and review articles focusing on hot emerging topics, e.g. machine intelligence algorithms, social media misinformation, problematic Internet use, big data learning analytics, smart society, social robotics, cognitive automation, bioethics, etc. This journal considers only manuscripts having a high integrative value in the current Scopus- and Web of Science-indexed literature (i.e., citing preponderantly Q1 and Q2 sources published in the past two years). For collective SLR RTs, we may provide a somewhat standard structure and a list of reliable data visualization and (reporting and methodological) quality assessment tools. Review of Contemporary Philosophy is indexed and/or abstracted in: CEEOL Cengage Learning/Gale CNKI Scholar Crossref DeepDyve Dimensions/Digital Science EBSCOhost EBSCO Discovery Service ERIH PLUS Hinari Humanities International Complete Humanities International Index Index Islamicus ProQuest Scopus SHERPA/RoMEO The Philosopher’s Index The Philosophy Documentation Center Ulrich's Periodicals Directory
Auricle Global Society of Education and Research
Justice as World-Making: Creative Citizenship in H. Arendt
This essay proposes a novel interpretation of Hannah Arendt’s political theory as a crucial contribution to a post-metaphysical, creative conception of justice and citizenship. It argues that Arendt’s phenomenology of plurality, amor mundi, and critical thinking can be read under the prism of world-making. Against both ideal abstraction and empirical cynicism, the essay reconstructs the modern ideal of deliberative participatory democracy as a dynamic equilibrium between ontological shared power of beginning (i.e., freedom), interhuman trust, and communicative openness. It further situates this Arendtian model within the republican and cosmopolitan traditions, drawing on Kant’s Perpetual Peace and contemporary political theories that defend fostering democratic innovation and democratic cosmopolitanism under conditions of global interdependence, authoritarian populism, digital fragmentation, and ecological crisis. The essay concludes that the “cosmopolitan constitution” envisioned by Kant and renewed by Arendt remains humanity’s most demanding and hopeful vocation: the continuous creation of a habitable world for freedom. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/rcp.1370
From Tabula Rasa to Inductive Bias: Reframing Locke's Problem in the Age of Generative AI
Large language models (LLMs) often appear to vindicate a radical empiricist picture: train on vast corpora of experience-like text, and capacities emerge without explicit symbolic rules. Yet contemporary machine learning research repeatedly emphasizes that what is learned, how quickly it is learned, and how well it generalizes depend crucially on prior constraints: architectural structure, training objectives, optimization dynamics, and representational bottlenecks. These constraints constitute inductive biases in a precise, technical sense. This paper develops a philosophical argument that uses LLMs as a case study to reassess the classical tabula rasa thesis associated with Locke and its descendants. I defend two claims. First, even the most “data-driven” generative models are saturated with structural priors that make learning possible at scale; thus, their success cannot be straightforwardly read as a triumph of unstructured empiricism. Second, once this is appreciated, the rhetorical appeal of a ``blank slate'' conception of the infant mind weakens further: if artificial systems trained on orders of magnitude more linguistic input than any child still require rich inductive biases, it is implausible that human cognition begins wholly unstructured. I then show how contemporary debates about whether LLMs “understand” language recapitulate the older dispute about whether experience alone can generate semantics and conceptual structure. The upshot is a more balanced, non-caricatured empiricism: experience matters, but explanation must explicitly account for the learning system's prior structure.
The privilege of guardianship rights in Islamic jurisprudence
This research addresses the "Privilege of Guardianship in Islamic Jurisprudence." Islamic law grants guardians the authority to manage the affairs of those under their guardianship, whether over their person or property, within legal and Sharia-compliant frameworks aimed at protecting the ward. This right is characterized by its privileged nature, granting its holder priority over all other rights. The guardian does not possess a financial right to it, but rather a moral authority. The subject matter of this right is related to the individual's personal obligations (or morals), without being limited to them. Thus, the privileged right is established based on a protected interest. This research seeks to establish this privileged right and its subject matter, clarifying the priority in the right of guardianship in its original form, and identifying those who share this privilege on behalf of others when there are multiple guardians. The research concludes that the guardian's privilege is a legitimate right related to the individual's personal obligations (or morals), without being limited to them. This privileged right is established based on a protected interest for the well-being of the ward. Furthermore, regulating the guardian's privileges is a legitimate and legal necessity, representing a means to ensure the care of those under guardianship and the preservation of their interests, thus fulfilling the reason for establishing this right.
Employing the Life of Christ in Shaping the Sanctity of al-Husayn ibn ʿAlī: A Comparative Study within Shi‘a Heritage
This research compares the figures of Jesus Christ and al-Husayn ibn ʿAlī in light of Shiʿa sources, premised on the notion that Shiʿa tradition engages with the Islamic biography of Christ to elevate the status of al-Husayn and the Ahl al-Bayt (the Prophet’s family). The study analyzes this intersection through several key themes. It begins by tracing the noble lineage of each figure, showing how the divine selection of the family of Imran parallels the elevated status of the Ahl al-Bayt. It then examines their mothers—Mary, daughter of Imran, and Fatima al-Zahra—demonstrating how the virtues of Mary are invoked to reinforce the sanctity of Fatima. Next, the study considers the prophecies surrounding their births and the miraculous nature of these births, highlighting their signs of exceptional status.The research also discusses the extraordinary abilities and miracles attributed to both figures, including healing and esoteric knowledge, and compares their foreknowledge of their destinies and the circumstances of their deaths, particularly the details of their thirst and ultimate sacrifice.The study concludes that Shiʿa tradition has deliberately shaped the character of al-Husayn with traits analogous to those of Christ, thereby reinforcing his role as a redeemer and savior.
Mapping the Erased: Narrative, Form, and Counter-History in Palestine – 1
This article analyzes Palestine – 1: Stories from the Eve of the Nakba (Comma Press, 2025) as a formally coherent counter-archive that revisits 1948 through speculative, fantastical, and non-realist narrative strategies. Conceived as a prequel to Palestine + 100, the anthology reverses futurist projection in order to confront catastrophe “from the eve” of the Nakba, moving across villages, towns, and neighborhoods whose naming operates as an ethical act of resistance to erasure. Building on debates about how extreme violence fractures time, memory, and meaning, the article argues that the collection’s non-realism—ghosts, doubles, temporal fractures, speaking landscapes—functions not as aesthetic ornament but as a necessary narrative technology for an unfinished historical condition. The anthology’s ordering is read as a “counter-map,” where geography replaces chronology and recurrence replaces linear progression, generating unity without stylistic uniformity. Situating the collection within Palestinian narrative lineages (Kanafani, Habibi, Darwish) and postcolonial critiques of imperial “imaginative geographies,” the article shows how Palestine – 1 mobilizes form to resist closure and to restore erased places to cultural memory. Ultimately, the anthology demonstrates that non-realism can operate as historical method: a way of narrating dispossession not as concluded past but as an ongoing structure organizing Palestinian time and space. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/rcp.1381
Updating Communicative Events: From Qur'anic Discourse To Didactic Discourse
Our goal is to construct speech acts and develop communicative competence in the learner. The problem here is: How can a preschool child transform the values in the Quranic text into speech acts? we observed some visions that describe the teaching of the Quranic text. We concluded that literary problems must be solved in a linguistic environment based on the speech act derived from the Quranic text. To this end, we proposed some applications in an educational project aimed at constructing speech acts and performing them linguistically.
Ecological Inscription and Material Memory: Ecofeminist Philosophy and the Afterlife of Slavery in Morrison and Butler
Drawing on ecofeminist philosophy, Black feminist ecologies, and posthuman critiques of instrumental reason, this article argues that Octavia E. Butler’s Kindred (1979) and Toni Morrison’s Beloved (1987) develop an environmental ethics of memory: they figure landscape, water, and the more-than-human world as archives that document slavery’s ongoing material and affective residues. Rather than treating “nature” as a neutral framework, the novels present ecological spaces as controversial venues where racial capitalism and patriarchal authority organize extraction, bodily vulnerability, and the policing of kinship. I show how both texts convert ecological imagery into a philosophical critique of domination: (1) they expose how colonial regimes render Black bodies and nonhuman life fungible; (2) they model “rememory” and temporal rupture as forms of testimony that resist epistemic erasure; and (3) they reframe care, survival, and motherhood as ecological relations shaped by coercion yet capable of counter-knowledge. Methodologically, the essay combines concept-building with close reading, using ecofeminist and critical race structures to track how material environments mediate trauma, agency, and ethical responsibility. By linking narrative form to environmental thought, the article contributes to contemporary debates in feminist environmental ethics on justice, memory, and the afterlives of colonial violence, casting testimony as ecological counter-knowledge.
From Suspicion to Verdict: Evidence Governance in Colonial Witchcraft Prosecutions
Margaret Jacobs’s letter of 3 January 1693 (preserved in Robert Calef’s later compilation) captures the uncertainty and coercive pressures confronting the accused during New England’s witchcraft crisis. This article reframes colonial witchcraft prosecution as an inquiry into the philosophy of evidence and institutional rationality: how communities under threat interpret misfortune as actionable claims, and how legal procedures stabilize suspicion into verdicts. Moving beyond Salem-centered scholarship that treats 1692 as paradigmatic, the article examines a wider colonial landscape and argues that witchcraft functioned as a gendered explanatory idiom through which illness, adversity, conflict, and misfortune were moralized and attributed to supernatural agency. While accusations disproportionately targeted women and proceedings often relied on spectral claims and other unstable proof-forms, prosecutions unfolded within distinct provincial legal frameworks. Evidentiary standards, procedural pathways, institutional filtering, and outcomes diverged across colonies and decades, as local institutions mediated wider Atlantic legal and theological currents in determining credibility and admissibility. Bringing less-studied catalysts—fortune-telling and “cunning” practices—into the same analytic frame as war, political instability, clerical influence, and Puritan discipline, the article shows that what mattered was not belief in the abstract but the governance of credibility: whose testimony counted, which inferences were permitted, and how uncertainty was managed (or exploited) as juridical fact.
Sheikh Ahmad Tijani al-Tamassini and the endorsement of Mufdi Zakaria in West Africa (1966-1967): A study in archival documents
تتناول هذه الدراسة رحلة الشاعر الجزائري مفدي زكريا إلى غرب إفريقيا خلال سنتي 1966–1967، من خلال تحليل مجموعة من الوثائق الأرشيفية، ولا سيما المراسلات المتبادلة بينه وبين الشيخ أحمد التجاني التماسيني. وتهدف إلى إبراز الدور الذي لعبته التزكية الصوفية في تسهيل اندماج مفدي زكريا داخل شبكات الطريقة التجانية، بما أتاح له النفاذ إلى كبار علمائها ومسؤوليها المحليين، والمساهمة في تنشيط علاقات ثقافية وتجارية عابرة للمجال المغاربي – الإفريقي. وتكمن أهمية الدراسة في تسليط الضوء على بعد حضاري ظل مهمشا في الكتابات التاريخية، يتمثل في تداخل الأبعاد الروحية والثقافية والتجارية في فضاء غرب إفريقيا بعد الاستقلال. كما تطرح الدراسة الإشكالية التالية: إلى أي مدى أسهمت تزكية الشيخ أحمد التجاني في إنجاح رحلة مفدي زكريا وتعزيز شبكة العلاقات المغاربية – الإفريقية، وما الذي تكشفه هذه التجربة عن آليات التواصل والتفاعل بين الروحانية والثقافة والاقتصاد في غرب إفريقيا خلال مرحلة ما بعد الاستقلال؟ الكلمات
Environmental Sustainability in Focus: Evaluating Nigerian Federal Universities’ Mission and Vision Statements on Climate Change Initiatives
As the world continues to be impacted by human activity, environmental and sustainability concerns have gained prominence in international discourse. Through an analysis of their mission and vision statements, this study evaluates the dedication of Nigerian government institutions to environmental and climate change initiatives. The strategy documents of the organization explain its current objectives and future policy options. Using a census approach, the study examined the mission and vision statements of each of the 62 federal universities in Nigeria that have been designated by the National Universities Commission (NUC). Data were collected between January and August 2024 via official university websites and analyzed using MAXQDA Analytics Pro; the research results show that 55 out of 62 institutions which represent 89 percent of the total institutions have public access to their institutional purpose and vision statements although their dedication to environmental sustainability remains at a very low level. The four universities which constitute 7.27 percent of the total universities in Nigeria have established climate change-related terms as explicit components of their academic programs. Thematic analysis indicated that most institutions prioritize teaching-training and scientific research, with a strong focus on public interest themes. The institution faces a substantial execution flaw because its educational programs for environmental-conscious youth exist only in vision statements yet are missing from its mission statements which demonstrates that environmental protection is treated as a future objective instead of an active requirement. The study found that two areas of the country which experience extreme environmental damage through oil extraction and drought conditions continue to show low levels of institutional climate change research activities.
How Does Antibiotic Misuse Contribute to Rise of Antimicrobial Resistance
The discovery and mass production of antibiotics was a paradigm shift in the field of medicine, turning once- disastrous diseases into a condition that could be treated successfully. These antibiotic drugs not only became the foundation of healthcare in the modern era, but the achievement of complex medical procedures, such as organ transplants, chemotherapy, and major surgery, all of which are based on the capability of prevention and control of bacterial infections, became possible. Nevertheless, this utopian vision of medicine is seriously jeopardized. It is the same strong force of evolution that created life on the earth and is now making these life-saving drugs useless. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the most urgent global public health issues of the 21st century. Although AMR is a multi-factorial, multi-dimensional phenomenon with different causes in the human, animal, and environmental domains, the main cause is the use and excessive use of antibiotics. In this paper, it will be argued that the overuse or incorrect use of antibiotics function as a potent selective pressure causing the evolution and spread of resistant bacteria, the very basis of modern medicine, and thus requiring immediate, global action.
Charles Foucault and his efforts in Tamahag language documentation 1858-1916
Charles Foucault is regarded as one of the most important scholars to have studied the Touareg language, and is the only one to have compiled a dictionary containing daily Touareg vocabulary, having lived amongst the Touareg in the Algerian Sahara, mingled with the local population and learnt Tamahag vocabulary over a period of ten years – the time he spent in the Hoggar region from 1905 to 1916. The Tamahag dictionary– the Ahaggar dialect – is the only reference preserving the written Tuareg language for posterity. Comprising four volumes, it spans over 3,000 pages and contains more than ten thousand words, making it the most important resource for learning the Tuareg language, alongside other works related to Tuareg language and culture. For this reason, in this article I shall attempt to discuss Charles Foucauldo’s career and his contributions to the study of Tamahag vocabulary.
From ‘Lex Iniusta’ to ‘Unmündigkeit’: The School of Salamanca, Kant’s Practical Philosophy, and the Political Production of Monetary Tutelage
This article argues that state-issued fiat money constitutes a form of Unmündigkeit (minority, immaturity) in Kant’s precise technical sense, and that this thesis has a direct antecedent in the School of Salamanca. We show that the Salamantine doctrine of monetary debasement as larceny and the right of resistance grounded in lex iniusta non est lex anticipate, in natural-law vocabulary, the same problem Kant reformulates in terms of practical reason. We further argue, drawing on Kant’s distinction between Unmündigkeit (1784) and Selbständigkeit (MS, AA 6:314), and on the German Kantian tradition (Höffe, Kersting, Siep, Henrich, Adorno), that the monetary monopoly violates categorical requirements of the Rechtslehre and destroys the epistemic infrastructure of rational self-governance. Three necessary conditions of monetary legitimacy are derived.
Deconstructing COVID: The Rise of an Authoritarian State
Deconstruction purports to analyze language, identify its instabilities, and expose authoritarian power relationships. In practice, it often does the opposite: it creates instability, obscures power relationships, and promotes authoritarianism. This was made clear by the COVID phenomenon, which was driven by an ‘official public health narrative’ that used deconstructive language to promote a nascent authoritarian state. This paper will deconstruct the COVID narrative to expose the rise of a ‘uniparty’ authoritarian state that spans traditional political parties.
The Effectiveness of Educational Communication Between Active Individuals in the Physical and Sports Education Session
The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of educational communication between active individuals in the physical and sports education session in secondary education, by identifying the types of educational communication and the communication skills relied upon by physical education teachers and their impact on the session. In this research, the questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection, and the descriptive method was adopted due to its suitability to the subject. The research sample consisted of physical education teachers in secondary education.
Listening and its Impact on the Educational Process Sections of Preschool Education in Mosques and Quranic Schools a descriptive and analytical study – Setif Province as a model
Education in mosques, Quranic schools, traditional Quranic schools, and various associations plays a vital role in the intellectual life of society. The education of young children has also been a part of this educational process. Mosques, Quranic schools, and associations have provided material and human resources to ensure the success of education within them, all thanks to the dedicated efforts of those in charge. This is all achieved through the specific efforts of those who run these institutions. In this study, I examined the category of preschool children taught in mosques and Quranic schools. This study is based on my own experience, as I taught this category for five academic years, serving as both teacher and supervisor. This study, covering the final academic year, highlights the importance of listening skills in acquiring knowledge. Knowledge, and that it is the basic pillar in the educational process, especially in its beginnings.
Psychological Burnout and Its Relationship to Academic Stress Among Working Students
This study aimed to examine the relationship between psychological burnout and academic stress among working students at certain faculties of the University of Constantine 2. It also sought to identify differences in the sample's scores on psychological burnout and academic stress according to various study variables, including gender and academic major. A descriptive correlational approach was adopted. The sample included 172 male and female students who were randomly selected. We used two research instruments : the Psychological Burnout Questionnaire and the Academic Stress Questionnaire. To analyze the results, the arithmetic mean and the t-test were used to determine differences between two independent samples, and the correlation coefficient was used to identify the relationship between psychological burnout and academic stress. The study found a correlation between psychological burnout and academic stress, statistically significant differences in the sample’s psychological burnout scores based on gender (in favor of females), and no statistically significant differences in functional stress among students at the University of Constantine 2 based on academic major.
The Linguistic Characteristics of Language Use Among Immigrants from Ghazaouet to Tlemcen
This present study is part of one of the fields of sociolinguistics; it is interested in the fact of bilingualism linked to immigration. Indeed, knowledge of both languages; French and dialectal Arabic; remains a natural need because that of the host country is a necessity for social, cultural and above all professional integration, on the other hand, dialectal Arabic designates Ghazaouet as a refuge for family meetings, holidays, parties, etc. . Code switching and borrowing are assimilated to social and identity processes and mark the language practices of immigrants. Finally, the duality of space creates an original bilingual identity that appears in the communication of immigrants in the Ghazaouet region in Tlemcen.
From the Banu Abd al-Wadi State to the Zayyanid State: A Study of Major Transformations and Developments
The present work tackles the most significant political developments and transformations experienced by the Banu Abd al-Wad (Zayyanid) state in the Central Maghreb during two distinct periods: The period of the Abd al-Wadid State; this state was known as such from its founding in 633AH/1236CE, until the end of the reign of Sultan Abu Sa'id ibn Abd al-Rahman in 753AH/1352CE. Zayyanid State, known by its founder Abu Hammu Musa II after he had recovered the throne of this state in 760AH/1358 CE, until its fall in 962 AH/1554 CE during the reign of Sultan Al-Hasan ibn Abd Allah II. These developments and transformations generally affected most of the political and civilizational aspects. These include the systems and nature of governance, methods of administrative management, the organization of the army, the economic system as well as the tribal system within the state.
Kantian Cosmopolitan Vision and Contemporary Competencies in the University Context: Addressing Poverty and Inequality
In the current context of globalization and profound socio-economic inequalities, the internationalization of higher education emerges as a crucial tool for addressing these challenges. This paper connects Immanuel Kant’s cosmopolitan vision with the role of universities in countries experiencing high levels of poverty and inequality. It explores how higher education can act as a vehicle for social transformation, promoting justice, equality, and human dignity globally. Kant’s philosophy asserts that all human beings are equal in dignity and rights, suggesting that individuals should be treated as members of a global community. This vision supports a federation of democratic nations committed to peaceful conflict resolution and respect for citizens’ rights, aligning with human rights principles. Contemporary theorists like Nancy Fraser and Axel Honneth integrate social justice and equality into this framework. The internationalization of higher education should promote a borderless knowledge framework, enhancing educational quality while addressing structural challenges in research, teaching, and community service. Combining Kant’s vision with Nussbaum and Sen’s capabilities approach, this paper highlights how universities can combat poverty and inequality and underscores internationalization as essential for forming global citizens committed to social justice and cooperation. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/rcp.1428
Ontological and Epistemological Foundations of Qualitative Research: Implications for Social Science Inquiry
Qualitative research is widely used in the social sciences to explore human experiences, meanings, and social processes. Despite its widespread application, researchers sometimes employ qualitative methods without fully considering the philosophical assumptions that underpin them. Understanding these assumptions is essential because they shape how reality is conceptualised, how knowledge is produced, and how research is conducted. This article examines the ontological and epistemological foundations of qualitative research and explains how these foundations influence research design and methodological choices in social science inquiry. Ontology refers to assumptions about the nature of reality and what can be known about the social world. In qualitative research, reality is commonly understood as multiple, socially constructed, and shaped through human interaction and context. Epistemology focuses on the nature of knowledge and the processes through which knowledge about the social world is generated. Within interpretivist and constructivist traditions, knowledge is viewed as emerging from the interaction between the researcher and participants rather than as an objective, independent truth. By clarifying these philosophical foundations, the article highlights the importance of aligning research paradigms, methodological approaches, and analytical strategies in qualitative studies. A clear understanding of ontological and epistemological assumptions enables researchers to design coherent qualitative research and strengthens the methodological rigour of social science inquiry. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/rcp.1430
Managing Medical Information and Linking it to Laboratory Results in Modern Hospitals
Our modern hospitals generate vast amounts of information on a daily basis. Some of this data includes medical history, physician notes, medications, lab reports, radiology images, billing information, and treatment plans. Efficiently managing this information is critical since healthcare professionals need accurate data to make informed decisions for patient care. These paper-based systems were formerly disorganized, slow, and error-prone in the hospitals. But advances in healthcare technology have revolutionized the way that a hospital deals with medical information and ties it in with laboratory data. Hospitals have been implementing digital systems in the present times, which collect, store, manage, and communicate patient information such as Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Hospital Information Systems (HIS), and Laboratory Information Systems (LIS). These systems will facilitate improved collaboration amongst healthcare service providers, reduce medical conflicts, speed up the diagnosis process, and ultimately improve patient outcomes. The link between laboratory results and medical records can then allow doctors and nurses to have the information on their fingertips and make faster, more accurate treatment decisions. Therefore, the incorporation of medical information and laboratory systems has turned into one of the most vital advancements to modern-day healthcare.
Poetic Representation in the Diwan of Emir Abdelkader al-Jazairi
This study examines the representations in the texts of the Diwan of Emir Abdelkader from a semiotic perspective in order to reveal their symbolic and semantic dimensions. It demonstrates how spiritual and Sufi representations reflect the dialectical relationship between human beings, souls, and the cosmos. The research also highlights human and ethical representations that connect positive and negative values. To this end, the study employs semiotic analytical tools such as signifiers and signifieds, semantic fields, binary oppositions, pragmatic context and semantic shifts (or semantic deviations) to understand the different levels of meaning. This approach reveals ethical, spiritual, national and human connotations. Furthermore, it clarifies the role of poetic imagery in constructing the poetic ‘self’ (the ‘I’) and in rendering the personal experiential dimension. Overall, the study confirms the importance of semiotic analysis for interpreting poetic texts in all their dimensions.
Neuro-pedagogy and the Development of the Educational System: A Scientific Approach Bridging Neurolinguistics and Educational Sciences
This work seeks to highlight neuro-pedagogy as an interdisciplinary approach grounded in neurolinguistics, neuroscience, and educational sciences, with the aim of reconstructing educational practice on the basis of a scientific understanding of the learning brain. The theoretical section clarifies the nature of this emerging field and distinguishes it from quasi-scientific discourses, while emphasizing its role in bridging the gap between the laboratory and classroom practices. It also presents key brain mechanisms relevant to learning—such as neuroplasticity, memory systems, attentional dynamics, the function of emotion, the importance of multisensory processing, and individual differences—as foundational principles for redesigning learning situations. The applied section focuses on linguistic learning difficulties, particularly dyslexia, dysgraphia, and speech and language disorders, from a neuro‑linguistic perspective that interprets them as differences in processing patterns rather than mere “low achievement.” In this context, early identification and brain-based intervention are assigned a central place, through simple yet sensitive diagnostic protocols and targeted classroom support strategies. The work further underscores the centrality of teachers’ training in educational neuroscience and a culture of error as a prerequisite for the effectiveness of any project aiming to integrate the neural dimension into educational policies. It concludes that reforming the educational system requires an epistemological shift from a pedagogy of content to a pedagogy of the learning brain, thereby ensuring deeper learning and a more inclusive, equitable, and effective school.
¿Patrón O Azar? Las Muertes Y Desapariciones De Científicos Con Acceso A Secretos De Estado En Ee.Uu. Análisis Histórico-Contextual: 1947–2026
This article systematically documents and analyzes the deaths and disappearances of U.S. scientists, engineers, and military personnel with classified access in nuclear, aerospace, and unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP/FANI) research, recorded between 2022 and 2026. The phenomenon is historically contextualized from 1947, examining precedents in Projects Sign, Grudge, and Blue Book, as well as individual cases documented between 1947 and 2016. The active FBI investigation, confirmed on April 21, 2026, encompasses at least twelve cases. A key analytical finding is the direct, documented professional link between two of the missing: JPL/NASA materials engineer Monica Reza — inventor of the Mondaloy superalloy used in reusable military and commercial rockets — and retired General William Neil McCasland, who oversaw the Air Force program that funded Reza’s research. This connection was formally acknowledged in the House Oversight Committee’s letter to federal agencies. From a statistical perspective, analysis published in Scientific American indicates that, given approximately 70,000 people employed in nuclear-related fields, roughly 50 disappearances per year would be statistically expected within that population. This suggests the observed cluster may fall within the expected statistical range, although the professional seniority and security profiles of those involved justify continued institutional investigation. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/rcp.1439
Copyright (c) 2026 Review of Contemporary Philosophy
The Role of Religious Reference Frameworks in the Upbringing of Arab Child in the Context of Digital Transformation: Toward an Educational Approach Balancing Authenticity and modernity
Digital transformation is one of the most significant contemporary challenges facing educational systems, given the profound changes it has introduced to sources of knowledge, modes of learning and patterns of cultural and social interaction. This challenge is particularly acute in Arab educational contexts, where religious and value-based reference frameworks are deeply rooted and form the foundation for shaping children’s identity and moral development. This reality necessitates an in-depth examination of the role of these frameworks in the context of accelerating digital transformation. In light of this, the study examines the impact of religious and value-based reference frameworks on the educational identity of Arab children, particularly in the context of their extensive exposure to digital media and the cognitive and behavioural influences associated with it. The study is guided by the following central research question: To what extent can religious reference frameworks contribute to adapting Arab education to the requirements of the digital age without compromising its authentic values and principles? The study's adoption of a descriptive-analytical approach is for the purpose of addressing this question. This approach is based on a critical review of educational literature, an analysis of the Arab educational landscape, and an examination of the impact of digital transformation on educational realities. The findings emphasise the importance of using religious reference frameworks to shape the value system of Arab children, despite the challenges posed by the open digital environment. The findings further highlight the need to restructure educational practices to allow for the effective integration of technology while remaining consistent with cultural and value-based particularities. Accordingly, the study recommends developing digital educational policies based on religious reference frameworks, strengthening family and educational awareness, and producing purposeful digital content that supports the formation of identity and moral values within an interactive educational environment
Humorous Digital Content and its Impact on the Formation of Social Values among Algerian Youth A Survey Study on a Sample of Communication Students at the University of Mostaganem
This study examines the impact of satirical digital content on the social values of Algerian youth through a field study conducted on a sample of students from the University of Mostaganem, the study was based on a general research problem that sought to identify the effect of satirical digital content on young people’s social values. To achieve this objective, the descriptive survey method was adopted, and a questionnaire was used as the main research instrument. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample consisting of 72 male and female students specializing in Information and Communication Sciences. The findings revealed that the majority of young people consider satirical digital content to be a double-edged sword; however, it tends more toward negative influence when it is exaggerated or lacks awareness and purpose. The study also demonstrated a growing awareness among participants regarding the importance of digital literacy and the ability to distinguish between satire and mere mockery that undermines social and moral values.
Language and the Experience of Rupture in Contemporary Philosophical Thought
This research addresses the central problematic of the philosophy of language within the Philosophy of Difference, as represented in the philosophical theses of Gilles Deleuze, Jacques Derrida, and Michel Foucault. The study seeks to demonstrate how language has shifted from being a mere representational tool or a "mold" for conveying meaning (according to classical and modern perspectives) to becoming an "abstract machine" and an ontological agent that contributes to the formation and openness of meaning. The research emphasizes that "the other language" or creative writing is not merely a foreign tongue distinct from the mother tongue; rather, it is a "linguistic exile" in which the creator lives outside the established systems of signs and significations. By examining Foucault’s clinical method, Derrida’s grammatological dimension, and Deleuze’s conception of style as an epistemological wager, the research concludes that contemporary philosophy has replaced the search for "fixed truth" with the pursuit of the "secret" through style. Style, in this context, is not a rhetorical ornament; it is an existential strategy aimed at destabilizing linguistic structures, opening up to the "outside," and generating a new language that allows thought to rejuvenate itself and explore the possibilities of difference in opposition to transcendent systems of identity.
Energy Transition Pressures and Supply Chain Sustainability: Evidence from Corporate Reports in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Sector
Introduction: The global energy sector is undergoing a social and technical transformation which forces oil and gas companies to change their methods for Sustainable Supply Chain Management. The research investigates how international and Nigerian oil and gas companies handle energy transition challenges while maintaining their sustainability reporting requirements. The research study demonstrates how people talk about transitions but their real-world applications of sustainable supply chain management show different results. The research demonstrates how supply chain operations respond to unconventional energy sources together with renewable energy sources during periods of low-carbon transition. Methods: The research analyzes corporate disclosures from sixteen selected companies through a comparative content analysis method. The researchers created four company groups which included Global Majors, Indigenous Nigerian Majors, National Champions and Downstream Leaders. The research investigates energy transition discourse through Legitimacy Theory and the Sociotechnical Transition Framework by assessing its extent and nature and the energy types that receive long-term resilience priorities and the resulting effects on supply and production and logistics management. Findings: The research reveals that organizations face two primary challenges which include their operational performance problems and their implementation of multiple decarbonization strategies. Global Majors (e.g., Shell, Eni, TotalEnergies) are pursuing a radical "regime shift" toward carbon-neutral niches such as hydrogen and offshore wind, supported by sophisticated digital ESG auditing of "Scope 3" emissions. The Indigenous Nigerian companies (e.g., Seplat, Aradel, NNPC Ltd) which follow a "regime optimization" strategy use the "Gas-to-Power" system to meet international environmental standards while ensuring their domestic energy supply and "Africapitalism" goals. The industry considers Production Management activities which include ending routine flaring and fluid recycling to be essential for all operations while Logistics Management remains the most under-reported domain across the industry. Originality: The study establishes that Nigerian emerging economies achieve resilience through their existing fossil fuel infrastructure "greening" process instead of implementing immediate renewable resource diversification. The research findings about policy development help establish regional ESG standards which create better supply chain circularity between the Global South countries.
Comparative Effects of Natural and Added Sugars on Children's Dental Health
Dental caries remains one of the most common chronic diseases affecting children worldwide, despite improvements in oral healthcare and preventive dentistry. Dietary sugar consumption is a major contributor to tooth decay. However, not all sugars are consumed in the same way or under the same conditions. Natural sugars, found in foods like fruits and milk, differ from added sugars that are mixed into foods and drinks during processing or preparation. This difference has sparked interest among researchers, healthcare providers, and policymakers looking to enhance children's oral health. This paper examines the effects of natural and added sugars on children's dental health by reviewing current scientific evidence related to their role in the development of dental caries. The paper discusses the biological processes that link sugars to tooth decay, evaluates dietary patterns and food matrices, and looks at factors that affect the relationship between sugar consumption and oral health. Evidence shows that while both natural and added sugars can lead to dental caries, added sugars pose a greater risk due to their concentration, frequency of consumption, and common presence in processed foods and sugar-sweetened beverages. Natural sugars found in whole foods generally carry less risk due to the protective effects of fiber, water, and essential nutrients. The findings underline the need to cut back on added sugar while promoting healthy dietary habits that benefit both oral and overall health in children.
The Contribution of Ottoman Rulers in Algeria to Cultural Endowments (Waqf)
This study examines the pivotal role of waqf (religious endowments) as the primary guarantor of the continuity of education and culture in Ottoman Algeria. In the absence of a centralized, state-funded education system, waqf served as a sustainable social and economic engine, supporting a vast network of kuttabs (traditional Quranic schools), madrasas (schools), and libraries. This study aims to highlight the individual contributions of Ottoman rulers in Algeria, particularly during the Dey period, to educational and cultural endowments, and the extent to which these contributed to the revival of intellectual centers in Ottoman Algeria. By documenting the endowments of Ottoman rulers in Algeria in these areas, the study reveals how Algeria maintained high literacy rates, a fact that impressed contemporary European travelers. This demonstrates that waqf was not merely a charitable act, but rather a strategic institutional framework that fostered the flourishing of religious and even intellectual sciences through private endowments, including those of the ruling classes
An Intervention Entitled: The Position of the Algerian Governors on the Tunisian Familial Dispute on the Authority between 1728-1756 A.D/ 117-1141 H
This research paper treats one of the important topics, categorized by the Mediterranean Algerian Relationships during the Ottoman era, which resembled the Algerian governors' position on the Pasha Crisis that stormed the Hussaini governance in Tunisia during the first half of the 18th century. Therefore, what is the nature of this familial dispute that emerged in Tunisia between 1728 and 1740 A.D.? What is the position of the Algerian governors on this conflict? And how was the impact of the war on the political relationships between Algeria and Tunisia? We aim to figure out the nature of the political relationships that linked Algeria to Tunisia where both of them are Ottoman eyalets in this research paper, as well as standing on the extent of the ability of Algeria and its rulers to decide on declaring war or peace based on what its internal and external interests dictate during the period of eyalets.
Narratives of Devotion in Vrindavan: Personal Experience Versus Ceremonial Performance
Vrindavan is a crucible where individual piety (bhakti) of the devotees meets liturgical performance (liturgy) they practice. It examines how devotees tell their relationship to lord Krishna, negotiating inner close feelings with external expectations and sensibilities of temple ritual. Using ethnographic fieldwork in Banke Bihari, ISKCON Vrindavan, and Radha Raman, and integrating rich interviews with practitioners, pilgrims and priests with text analysis of temple stories, kirtan repertoires, and festival performance, the paper discusses how 'narratives of devotion' are created, authorized, and disseminated. This paper tries to examine that personal experience and ceremonial performance of devotees are not oppositional but mutually constructive : The framework that rituals provide construct a socially legible language for personal bhava, while the intimate experiences can reframe, resist, or individualize the ritual forms. Tensions arise when rituals dictate —dress codes, darshan, timings—press for conformity, and when private prayers, dreams, or memories challenge public display. Demographic factors influence narrative forms across temples, ranging from lyrical bhajans to the moment of divine experience , while festivals enhance this interaction. This study highlights the role of temple economies, iconography, and guru discourse in defining what is considered a real devotion. Personal devotion in Vrindavan often manifests through intimate acts such as singing bhajans, constructing private altars, and invoking Krishna through affectionate names and narratives. In contrast, ceremonial performances emphasize structured rituals, symbolic dress codes, and public displays of piety that reinforce social and religious identities. The paper discusses how these modes of devotion coexist, overlap, and sometimes clash, revealing an ongoing dilemma about community belonging. While ritualism provides a framework for visible religiosity and social recognition, personal devotion sustains a deeper emotional connection with lord Krishna, moving beyond mere formalism. Ultimately, this study sheds light on the lived realities of bhakti, underscoring how the devotional dilemma of devotees reflects broader questions about their faith, identity, and religious expression within Hindu spirituality.
The Civil Organization of the Liberation Revolution in the OUED Souf Region and its Role in Supporting the National Struggle: Taghzout Region as a Case Study 1955-1962
This research explores the role of the civil organization of the Algerian Liberation Revolution in Taghzout during the War of Independence (1954–1962). It highlights the contribution of local inhabitants in supporting the National Liberation Front (FLN) and the National Liberation Army (ALN). The civil organization was responsible for collecting funds, providing supplies, transmitting information, and sheltering revolutionaries. It also played an important role in spreading national awareness and mobilizing the population. Despite colonial surveillance, arrests, and repression, its members continued their activities in support of the revolution. The study concludes that the civil organization in Taghzout was a key factor in strengthening the revolutionary movement and contributed significantly to Algeria’s independence in 1962.
Sara Hassan Alami Hakami,Jamilah Saleh Alghazwani,Aisha Omar Ayashi,Nouf Saeed Hanbal Al-Bishr,Mohammad nasser shawk,
The problem of burnout is slowly making its way as one of the biggest issues in modern medicine affecting healthcare workers. After a long shift it's not just tiredness; it's more than that. The World Health Organization recently recognized a syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, a sense of “cynicism” towards patients and a feeling that you are losing your grip — it's an occupational phenomenon. This paper examines in detail many of the issues associated with burnout: from the individual worker's experience of burnout to the more systemic issues that render burnout so common. It highlights the interplay of various factors, such as workload, leadership, stigma, and cultural norms, that can contribute to a culture of burnout as revealed through recent literature. It also reviews the current interventions and why many of these interventions are limited. The great thing to understand is that there are no quick fixes for burnout such as yoga classes or wellness apps. Structural changes are needed for real solutions—more staff, more supportive leadership, less bureaucracy and a paradigm shift in valuing the healthcare worker. The paper provides specific policy guidelines to develop a more sustainable and humane health care system for the benefit of policy makers, hospital managers and professional organizations.
Higher education professors’ attitudes toward using interactive digital curricula
The study, titled "Teachers' Attitudes in Higher Education Toward the Use of Interactive Digital Curricula," is a field study conducted at the University of Constantine 2 (Abdelhamid Mehri). The aim of the study was to determine which pole these attitudes tend toward. The study also sought to identify whether there were statistically significant differences in their attitudes attributable to the study variables (professional experience and gender). In which the researcher posed the following main question: What are the attitudes of higher education professors towards the use and implementation of interactive digital curricula? To answer this question, the researcher adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, considering it the most appropriate for such a study. The researcher then designed a questionnaire consisting of 37 items, each with three response options: "Agree," "Don't Know," and "Disagree."The questionnaire was distributed to 60 higher education faculty members from the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences and the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Constantine-2 (Abdelhamid Mahri). After collecting the questionnaires, the data were entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 22, calculating frequencies, percentages, the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and conducting an analysis of variance (ANOVA) as well as a t-test. The following results were obtained: *Higher education faculty professors’ attitudes toward the use and implementation of interactive digital curricula were generally positive, with an arithmetic mean of 85.77 compared to the theoretical mean of 74. *There were no statistically significant differences attributable to the variable of professional experience in higher education faculty professors’ attitudes toward the use and implementation of interactive digital curricula. *There were statistically significant differences attributable to the gender variable in higher education professors’ attitudes toward the use and implementation of interactive digital curricula, favoring females, as the arithmetic mean for females was 87.38, which is higher than the arithmetic mean for males, estimated at 83.17.
Colon cancer, or colorectal cancer if it occurs in both the colon and the rectum, is one of the more prevalent cancers in the world. It occurs when abnormal cells of the colon (large intestine) multiply abnormally and become tumor cells. These tumors may grow into neighboring tissues, and can spread to distant organs via the bloodstream or lymph glands if untreated. Although serious, colon cancer is one of the most preventable cancers as it typically takes several years to develop and can be detected and treated early. The colon is an essential part of the digestive system. It absorbs water and electrolytes, processes waste and forms stool before it is excreted. Colon health is important to overall health, so it is important to create habits that help keep the organ healthy
Artificial Intelligence Integration in Competency-Based Teaching: Prospects and Challenges
The rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies has brought significant changes to various fields, particularly education. These technologies have contributed to the emergence of more interactive, flexible, and adaptive teaching methods that respond to learners’ individual differences and educational needs. In this context, competency-based teaching has become an important educational approach that seeks to enable learners to mobilize their knowledge, skills, and attitudes in order to address complex academic and real-life situations, rather than merely memorizing and reproducing information. Based on the convergence between the potential of artificial intelligence and the objectives of competency-based teaching, this study examines how artificial intelligence applications can be employed in designing educational activities, personalizing learning pathways, providing immediate feedback, and developing assessment methods based on learners’ actual performance and achievement. It also discusses the impact of artificial intelligence on the educational process and its role in enhancing teachers’ digital competence. In addition, the study addresses several challenges, including inadequate digital infrastructure, insufficient teacher training, algorithmic bias, data privacy concerns, and the limitations of artificial intelligence systems in processing certain linguistic and contextual features of the Arabic language. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to present the main concepts and analyze the opportunities and challenges associated with the topic. It concludes that the effective integration of artificial intelligence into competency-based teaching requires pedagogically informed use, continuous teacher training, and clear ethical and institutional frameworks that ensure the improvement of learning quality without diminishing the teacher’s role or the learner’s autonomy.
The Maliki school of thought in Ottoman Algeria - Affiliation and doctrinal practice
The Maliki school of thought has remained the dominant school of thought in Algeria throughout the various times and circumstances it has experienced. Despite the attempts of the Fatimid state to make it adopt the Shiite school of thought, its attempts were only successful on a narrow and limited geographical area, and it faded away with the passage of time, until the Abbasid state came in the seventh century AD; The Hanafi school of thought found a foothold in Algeria for the first time and was known as the school of the Iraqis. However, it could not withstand the people's adherence to the school of Imam Malik ibn Anas, may God be pleased with him, despite its continued presence there until the eleventh century AD. The latter returned again after Algeria became an Ottoman province at the beginning of the sixteenth century AD, as it was the school adopted in the Ottoman state at that time. However, it is noteworthy that the Ottoman state, represented by its sultans, never tried to obliterate the features of the Maliki school, nor did it try to make it replace the school that had long been established in the hearts of the Algerians, contrary to the custom of kings and sultans. Here we pose the following question: What enabled the Maliki school to withstand the Hanafi school during the Ottoman era, despite its rulers being Hanafi and the state institutions being Hanafi?
Colonial Projects and Schemes Toward the Arab Homeland: From the Campbell-Bannerman (1907) to the Greater Middle East (2004)
The study posits that the West recognized at an early stage the importance of the Arab world because of its geographic location, oil wealth, economic potential, and civilizational weight, in addition to the role of Islam as a spiritual force, which led it to seek to limit the region’s power by fragmenting it and maintaining a state of division. This effort was facilitated by the collapse of the Soviet Union, the end of the Cold War, the fragmentation of Arab forces, and the occupation of Iraq. The study examines the most prominent Western projects and policies aimed at reorganizing the region, beginning with the Balfour Memorandum and extending to the Greater Middle East Initiative. It also highlights the Sykes-Picot Agreement and the Balfour Declaration, and the division of the region that resulted from them, in addition to the Treaty of Sevres, the San Remo Conference, and the sharing of mandates and oil among the Allies, as well as attempts to integrate the Middle East within regional frameworks such as the Tripartite Declaration of 1950. Following the decline of British and French influence and the United States’ inheritance of their role, particularly after the failure of the Tripartite Aggression against Egypt in 1956, the United States proposed the Eisenhower Doctrine in 1957 and linked the region to military and economic agreements to confront communism, culminating in the Greater Middle East project.
"The Foundations of Family Security in the Holy Quran and Positive Law"
This article addresses a topic of great importance due to its connection to the family and its security; it sheds light on the foundations of family security in the Holy Qur’an and positive law; this is done by deepening the research into the verses of the Holy Qur’an and the positive legislations regulating the family and its security, and deriving the foundations and pillars of family security from those verses and legislative materials; It is thus clear that family security is a broad concept that can only be understood through the convergence of its components, which are characterized by development and change according to the variables of time, place, the nature of society, and everything that affects family stability. It is also clear that these rulings included security principles and components that are highly effective in achieving sound family security. These are fundamentally authentic Islamic principles that were later adopted by secular legislation and have accompanied the family through its various stages of formation. These components are embodied in the engagement and its related rulings, in marriage and its conditions and pillars, and in the resulting consequences and the related regulations, conditions, and consequences, which are considered security principles par excellence.
Algerian Haiku in the Mirror of Criticism : Reading Stakes and the Classification Dilemma
This study examines critical discourse on the haiku experience in Algeria, exploring the theoretical and methodological foundations that have shaped its interpretation. It also addresses the significant challenges that critics have faced when dealing with this new literary form. Furthermore, the study analyses the concept of haiku, whether by accepting or rejecting the term or by classifying it within literary genres. The study is based on the hypothesis that the challenges encountered by Algerian critics in approaching haiku stem not only from the nature of the haiku text itself, but also from the diversity of the theoretical and critical frameworks which have they relied, including Japanese, Arabic and modern critical approaches. This diversity has resulted in significant differences in perspectives and evaluations. One of the key issues is the disagreement over the term 'haiku', which extends beyond purely linguistics to reflect a deeper divergence in the conception of this literary genre and the boundaries of its affiliation. This study analyses the challenges involved in critically reading Algerian haiku. It examines the approaches adopted by critics and the limits of their ability to capture the distinctive characteristics of haiku texts. The study also addresses the dilemma of classification resulting from the overlap between haiku and other short literary forms, such as the flash story, anecdote, signature, epigram and short poem. The study attempts to identify the reasons for this overlap and the validity of the conclusions reached by critical discourse. It concludes that differences in Algerian criticism reflect the modernity and openness of the haiku experience in Algeria to diverse cultural references rather than confusion. However, this diversity calls for a comprehensive re-examination of critical concepts, terminology and tools to develop a critical framework that better accommodates the specific characteristics of Algerian haiku and the evolving nature of this literary genre within Arab cultural contexts.This study was prompted by a number of questions, the most important of which are: How has Algerian critical discourse on haiku taken shape? And to what extent has Algerian critical discourse been able to construct a coherent critical conception of haiku, given the divergence of its positions on the term, the varying interpretive approaches, and the persistent dilemma of classification?
Water Resources of the City of Constantine in Medieval Historical Sources and Modern Stratigraphic and Geological Studies
The subject of this article, entitled “Mention of the Water Resources of the City of Constantine in Medieval Historical Sources and Modern Geological Stratigraphic Studies,” is a historical approach proceeding from the inseparable bond between humankind and water – the “blue gold,” as it is termed in our age – the perennial dilemma humanity has faced since antiquity; strategic necessity has always required the search for water resources, the hydrographic wealth, in order to achieve what is called “water security.” Through this research paper we aim to bring out the scholarly value of historical sources and of the geographical literature of the Middle Ages, as well as of modern stratigraphic studies, in that they have revealed to us the sources of Constantine’s water resources in the medieval period and their intersection with modern geological stratigraphic studies. Among the findings of this study is that it has allowed us to gain insight into the sources feeding Constantine’s water network despite the difficulty of the city’s rocky geological terrain, and the effect of this on the continuity of its urban and civilizational character as an ancient city that has known development and prosperity across the ages down to the present day.
Metamorphosis of the Marginalized: Empowerment and Identity Reconstruction in Bharati Mukherjee’s Fiction Jasmine
This paper investigates about the journey of a woman to empower herself through identity reconstruction. The central character, Jasmine, rebels against traditional belief system, stereotypical set up of the society. She, being marginalized, supposed to follow the path directed by male in the society since childhood. But Jasmine challenged her childhood prophecies, destiny, preconceived notions about female in male chauvinistic world. She begins her life as Jyoti, a spirited young girl, from rural Indian family. Later she migrated to United States after the murder of her husband. She tackled every adversity in a talented and boldly manner not merely in India but also on foreign land. She does not stagnate or surrender even after being a widow. She believes in herself and flexible enough to transform her identity, name as per the requirement of the outer environment. She undergoes the process of metamorphosis from her birthplace to United States. She transformed herself into Jyoti-Jasmine-Jazzy-Jase-Jane in order to exist and survive in accordance with time, space, and culture. She accepted each change as a challenge. She strives to create her identity and attempts to come out of darkness of ignorance through the illumination of her own inner self by choosing appropriate options that lead to self-empowerment.