Review of Contemporary Philosophy Journal Title: Review of Contemporary Philosophy (An international peer-reviewed academic journal) ISSN: 1841-5261, e-ISSN: 2471-089X Publisher: Auricle Global Society of Education and Research Publisher Address: Y-18-A, Near Sanskar Play School, Sudarshana Nagar, Bikaner, Rajasthan (India), Pin 334004 Publisher E-Mail: publisher@agser.org Frequency: once a year (August) Acceptance Rate (2023): 17% Review of Contemporary Philosophy publishes mainly original empirical research and review articles focusing on hot emerging topics, e.g. machine intelligence algorithms, social media misinformation, problematic Internet use, big data learning analytics, smart society, social robotics, cognitive automation, bioethics, etc. This journal considers only manuscripts having a high integrative value in the current Scopus- and Web of Science-indexed literature (i.e., citing preponderantly Q1 and Q2 sources published in the past two years). For collective SLR RTs, we may provide a somewhat standard structure and a list of reliable data visualization and (reporting and methodological) quality assessment tools. Review of Contemporary Philosophy is indexed and/or abstracted in: CEEOL Cengage Learning/Gale CNKI Scholar Crossref DeepDyve Dimensions/Digital Science EBSCOhost EBSCO Discovery Service ERIH PLUS Hinari Humanities International Complete Humanities International Index Index Islamicus ProQuest Scopus SHERPA/RoMEO The Philosopher’s Index The Philosophy Documentation Center Ulrich's Periodicals Directory
Auricle Global Society of Education and Research
Enhancing Geriatric Care in Saudi Arabia: The Synergistic Roles of Nursing Technicians and Specialists in Meeting Vision 2030 Aging Population Challenges
The aging population in Saudi Arabia presents significant challenges for the healthcare system, particularly in the context of the Vision 2030 goals for improving the quality of life and well-being of older adults. Nursing technicians and specialists play critical roles in providing comprehensive and coordinated geriatric care, but their contributions and collaborations are often understudied. This systematic review aims to explore the synergistic roles of nursing technicians and specialists in enhancing geriatric care in Saudi Arabia and meeting the Vision 2030 aging population challenges. A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus, was conducted to identify relevant studies published between 2010 and 2023. The search strategy employed a combination of keywords related to nursing technicians, nursing specialists, geriatric care, aging population, and Saudi Arabia. A total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The findings highlight the diverse and complementary roles of nursing technicians and specialists in various aspects of geriatric care, such as assessment, care planning, treatment, education, and care coordination. Key factors influencing the effectiveness of nursing technician-specialist collaborations include communication, role clarity, mutual respect, and shared decision-making. The review also identifies challenges and barriers to the optimal utilization of nursing technicians and specialists in geriatric care, such as workforce shortages, inadequate training, and limited interprofessional collaboration. The findings of this review have significant implications for nursing practice, education, and policy in Saudi Arabia, emphasizing the need for strategic initiatives to support the development and empowerment of nursing technicians and specialists to meet the growing demands of the aging population and achieve Vision 2030 goals.
Pediatric Diabetes Management: Nursing Interventions and Family Support
Worldwide healthcare professionals together with researchers demonstrate growing concern about pediatric diabetes due to its significantly increasing prevalence rates. The recent decades have brought about a significant rise in new diagnoses of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in children even though Type 1 diabetes continues to be the dominant form in pediatric populations. Medical statistics demonstrate that diabetes affects one child out of 400 in adolescent populations although ethnic differences emerge in different geographic areas. Treatments for pediatric patients with diabetes rely on a proper recognition of their diagnosis type. A person with Type 1 diabetes who experiences an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells needs immediate care because this condition appears suddenly. Doctors now detect Type 2 diabetes more frequently in children because of weight gain and inactive lifestyles although this condition used to affect only adults in the past. Diabetes in children exists in different uncommon types including monogenic diabetes and cystic fibrosis-related diabetes whose occurrence remains low relative to other forms.
Faith, Logic, and Modern Challenges: The Adaptive Journey of 'Ilm al-Kalam in Islamic Thought
This paper examines 'Ilm al-Kalam, an essential discipline within Islamic theology focused on defending religious doctrines and elaborating beliefs through reasoned argumentation. Originating in the early centuries of Islam to counter doctrinal challenges, 'Ilm al-Kalam has since shaped Islamic intellectual history, primarily through the rationalist Mu'tazila and traditionalist Ash'ariyya schools. These schools contributed key theological concepts around divine unity, justice, and prophecy while addressing the dynamic relationship between reason and revelation. This paper also explores 'Ilm al-Kalam's enduring relevance, highlighting its role in contemporary debates on rationality, faith, and modern secular challenges. By tracing 'Ilm al-Kalam's evolution, this study offers insights into its impact on Islamic thought and its potential for addressing modern theological questions.
Analysis of Tourist Arrivals and Tourism's GDP Contribution in Nepal: 2009-2023
This study examines the evolution of tourism in Nepal from 2009 to 2023, analyzing tourist arrivals, economic contribution, and industry development patterns. Using a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative analysis of tourism statistics with qualitative document analysis, the study investigates the relationship between tourist arrivals and GDP contribution. The Mann-Kendall test is a non-parametric statistical technique is used to identify trends in time-series data. It evaluates whether a variable shows a consistent upward or downward trend over a defined timeframe. The null hypothesis (H0) states that there is no trend in the tourism data of Nepal. The research reveals significant growth in tourism until 2019, followed by severe disruption due to COVID-19, with subsequent recovery patterns emerging post-2021. Findings show tourism's contribution to GDP increased from 1.7% in 2021 to 2.1% in 2023, while tourist arrivals recovered to 963,571 in 2023. The study identifies key challenges including infrastructure limitations, seasonal variations, and recovery obstacles, while highlighting opportunities for sustainable tourism development. These findings have important implications for policy development and tourism management in Nepal and similar developing nations.
Nepal is known as multi religious nation, however, national population census 2011 and 21 notes more than 80% population as Hind. In this context the paper highlights the religious agenda of Nepal in terms of past, present and future. Main objective of this study is to analyze how religious agenda appears in politics of Nepal and why Nepal cannot follow the essence of secularism in practice. The study concentrate on the research question as how is religious agenda used to manipulate people to get political benefit and does there is connection between political system and religious belief practice. The study followed qualitative research design. Both primary and secondary data were used to fulfill the objectives of this study. Primary data were collected through in depth interview with religious leaders and politicians and secondary data were collected through library study. Conclusion of this study is based on both primary and secondary data. Overall analysis of the study showed that religious agenda is always been controversial in Nepal and it is used to manipulate people to fulfill the certain interest of rulers
Ethical Considerations, Prompt Management and Linguistic Challenges in ChatGPT’s Responses to Controversial Topics: A Comparative Analysis of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4.0 in the Case Study on Sex Robot Influencers
This article explores the ethical considerations, prompt management strategies, and linguistic challenges in eliciting responses from large language models, specifically ChatGPT 3.5 and GPT-4.0, on controversial topics. Using the case study of sex robots influencers, the research investigates how these models deal with sensitive and explicit content while adhering to OpenAI’s ethical guidelines. A series of tailored prompts were employed to evaluate and compare the models’ performance, including their ability to provide accurate answers, their adherence to ethical standards, and their linguistic adaptability. The findings reveal significant differences between ChatGPT 3.5 and GPT-4.0 in their willingness to engage with controversial topics and the quality of their responses. ChatGPT 3.5 demonstrated a more cautious approach, frequently avoiding direct engagement with sensitive content, while GPT-4.0 exhibited a more nuanced understanding but occasionally provided less accurate information. Both models emphasized ethical considerations, redirecting users towards broader discussions on societal and ethical implications. This study highlights the essential role of prompt management and linguistic adjustments in influencing AI model behavior and demonstrates the limitations and ethical challenges associated with generative AI in addressing controversial subjects. The article concludes with recommendations for future research and the ethical use of AI in complex, sensitive discussions.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Irritable Bowel Syndrome among School Teachers in Al Madinah KSA 2021
Background: The diagnosis of IBS depends on specification of the characteristic symptoms and the exclusion of organic disorders. It requires a careful personalized methodology, an inclusive clinical history, limited but relevant investigations, and continuous follow up. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence, identify associated factors and determine types of IBS among teachers working at governmental schools, Al Madinah (2019-2020). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at schools located in Madinah city, Saudi Arabia From 1st to 31stDecember, 2020 among Saudi teachers working at governmental schools. Self-administrative questionnaire based on reliable and valid Rome IV criteria for diagnosis of IBS was utilized. Results: The study included 576 teachers. Their age ranged between 24 and 60 years with an arithmetic mean of 42.07 and standard deviation of 7.09 years. Most of them were males (61.1%). According to the IV Rome criteria, the prevalence of IBS among the teachers was 25%. The only factor associated with IBS among teachers in the present study was age as the age of those with IBS was significantly lower than that of those without IBS (40.72±7.29 versus 42.52±6.97), p=0.008. Other studied socio-demographic factors, habitual factors and work-related factors were not significantly associated with IBS. The commonest reported subtype of IBS among the participants was IBS-with mixed habits (IBS-M), representing 56.5% of IBS, followed by IBS-with predominant constipation (IBS-C) representing 29.7% of cases and IBS-with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D) representing only 9.7% of cases. Conclusion: Irritable bowel syndrome is relatively common among teachers of all teaching levels in Almadinah city, Saudi Arabia. Younger teachers were more likely to be affected and the mixed type was the commonest reported.
The Ethos of Coexistence in Language – A Philosophical Reading
In this research paper, we aim to offer a philosophical reading in which we clarify the tremendous importance of language and its role in achieving coexistence and mutual interdisciplinary understanding within a global framework. We stress its human dimensions that transcend the narrow confines of an automatic linguistic function, regarding language as an ontological communicative act that establishes the values of dialogue, diversity, and openness among different identities. This occurs within the context of the relationship between the self and the other and in a cosmic space that expands to embrace all diversity—where language serves as the supporting tool. This study presents and analyzes the key stances of language philosophers who have focused on exploring language issues and the lofty human values associated with it, such as otherness and the culture of global peace (Bertrand Russell, Paul Ricoeur, Jürgen Habermas, Edgar Morin, among others). In our contemporary era, characterized by wars and conflicts among peoples, the search for mechanisms to achieve these values has become an essential imperative.
Development of Protocol for Inspecting Imported Medical Devices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's healthcare sector has experienced remarkable growth in recent years, with a significant increase in the importation of medical devices from global manufacturers. The expanding medical device market requires strong inspection procedures to safeguard patient welfare and device effectiveness and fulfill international and national requirements. As the lead regulator of medical devices in Saudi Arabia, the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) faces the essential task of creating detailed inspection procedures that maintain rigorous quality assurance and facilitate smooth market entry. The inspection protocols need to manage devices with multiple complexity levels that enter Saudi Arabia since they range from simple disposables to complex diagnostic tools and embedded medical devices that require separate examination rules and dangerous treatments. Standardized inspection methods should integrate global best practices, Saudi Arabian healthcare needs, local regulations, and capabilities for inspecting modern medical devices.
Transhumanism and the Utopia of Immortality: A Reality or an Illusion?
Transhumanism, as both a scientific and philosophical movement, aspires to realize a long-standing human ambition: the achievement of immortality or, at the very least, an extended human lifespan marked by perfect health, amortality; that is, a radical extension of human life free from disease and deficiencies. Advocates of this movement promote the use of biotechnologies and advanced technologies to enhance human physical and cognitive capacities. They argue that certain aspects of the human condition, such as disability, pain, aging, and death, are undesirable. Moreover, they consider immortality a fundamental right for both individuals and society in an era where technology and humanity are increasingly intertwined. This article aims to examine whether human immortality is a feasible reality or merely an illusion driven by economic profit motives. To explore this paradox, we employ an analytical approach, as it is the most suitable method for presenting our perspective. Our findings ultimately affirm the impossibility of achieving the illusion of immortality, as it remains an unrealistic mirage that threatens to dismantle the essence of human existence and could turn life into an unbearable ordeal.
Digital Literacy and Its Impact on Higher Education in Nepal
Digital literacy is essential in the 21st century, particularly in higher education, as it equips students and educators with the skills to navigate an increasingly technology-driven landscape. This transition is becoming more pronounced in Nepal as it strives to modernize its educational framework, highlighting the urgent need for strong digital literacy. The current state of digital literacy in Nepal's higher education sector reveals several benefits, such as enhanced learning experiences, improved access to information, and the ability to engage in global academic discourse. However, it also faces significant challenges, including limited infrastructure, unequal access to technology, and a lack of trained personnel to guide digital learning. Despite these hurdles, the prospects for digital literacy in Nepal's higher education are promising. Initiatives to integrate digital tools into curricula and increase access to digital resources can foster a more inclusive and effective educational environment, ultimately preparing students for success in a globalized world.
Managerial Strategy of Principals for the Overall Development of Institutional Schools
Institutional schools in Nepal are privately registered and managed at the company registrar's office of government as a private entity. They run under the rules and regulations of the Ministry of Education. The principals of such institutional schools are solely responsible for the operation, management, and overall development, crafting strategies to meet the goals of government, investors, and stakeholders. In this context, this study aimed to identify managerial strategies adopted by the principals of institutional schools for overall development. Moreover, this study explores the practices of principals' communication, support, supervision, authority delegation, teaching-learning environment, and commercialization practices in institutional schools. School principals were purposively selected, and in-depth interviews, informal conversations, and shadowing observations were conducted to explore their managerial procedures and strategies. The results showed that principals focused on physical infrastructure development and quality education. Intensive care and counselling for the students are equally emphasized. Teachers are more responsible for their duties and worry about improving students' learning achievement. Private investments such as institutional schools are business motive organizations; besides student enrollment and monthly fees, other exam fees, coaching, uniforms, stationery, and hostels are also the source of the school's income. This study contributes to guiding community and private school novice principals for successful school management.
The Role of Medical Record Technicians in Enhancing Healthcare Data Accuracy and Patient Safety
This paper examines the critical role of medical record technicians (MRTs) in the modern healthcare ecosystem, with a focus on their contributions to data accuracy and patient safety. Through a comprehensive analysis of current literature and industry practices, this research explores how MRTs serve as gatekeepers of healthcare information integrity. The study investigates the evolving responsibilities of MRTs in the era of electronic health records (EHRs), identifies key challenges in health information management, and evaluates intervention strategies that maximize the effectiveness of these professionals in reducing medical errors. Findings indicate that properly trained MRTs significantly reduce documentation errors, enhance clinical decision-making through improved data quality, and contribute to reduced adverse events. The paper concludes with recommendations for healthcare organizations to optimize the role of MRTs through standardized training programs, integration with clinical teams, and implementation of advanced health information technology solutions. This research highlights the often-overlooked yet essential function MRTs serve in ensuring patient safety through meticulous data management.
Characterization of the Main Digital Communication Ecosystems' Potential for the Education Sector: Systematic Literature Review.
The rapid development of social platforms on the Internet is generating new opportunities and challenges in the communication processes for organizations, if used properly, they can be more competitive. On the other hand, multimedia tools multiply the possibilities of interaction among participants. Nowadays, educational institutions must adopt the use of these tools in order to improve their information and commercial management with a more universal and interactive language with society (Evans, et al. 2022). Objective. The aim of this study is to furnish an analysis of the utilization of social platforms as agents within digital communication ecosystems. Method. A literature search was conducted in the Scopus and Science Direct databases, where the main digital communication ecosystems and their audiences in the fields of professional education in the periods from 2019 to 2023 were applied as inclusion criteria. In addition, secondary data collected and published in the Datareportal platform were obtained with the support of the organizations Metalwater and We Are Social, specialized in digital social media. Analysis. To achieve this objective, the structuring of the terms, categories and concepts applied in the search algorithm is studied; the PRISMA research protocol is applied for the selection and synthesis of the articles found in the different databases used in the research. Results. Important possibilities offered by digital communication in organizations were evidenced, and how they can contribute to a better application in academic activities. Conclusion. Educational institutions should use digital communication ecosystems strategically to facilitate their training processes, based on the audiences and interoperability that the platforms offer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/rcp.1121
State Health-Medical Liability: Reflections from the Philosophy of Law and Contemporary Justice
In Colombia, the healthcare system was implemented through Law 100 of 1993 and its complementary regulations, giving rise to the General System of Social Security in Health (SGSSS) and the Comprehensive Social Security System (SSSI). These systems are structured around four fundamental thematic axes: (i) public health, (ii) patients’ rights, risk management, and ethical and institutional responsibilities, (iii) system financing, and (iv) health technologies. Based on this normative and functional structure, the need arises to strengthen legality and policy in the field of healthcare. Within this framework, the proposal is made to implement an Autonomous Medical-Sanitary Liability Regime and to establish a specialized jurisdiction for the judicial review of medical acts in Colombia, grounded in distributive justice and the State’s duty of care. This initiative seeks to respond to the particularities of the healthcare system, ensuring an appropriate legal framework for the resolution of conflicts in the healthcare domain. The philosophical-legal, constitutional, and conventional analysis has consolidated the recognition of health as a constitutionally protected good, a fundamental right, and a constitutional social right, shaping a model based on Structural Pluralism. In this context, affiliation with and contribution to the healthcare system not only constitute a legal obligation but also materialize the citizen’s relationship with the healthcare structure. Methodologically, this study adopts a qualitative approach using a critical hermeneutic method, which enables the interpretation and analysis of the regulatory and doctrinal framework concerning medical liability. Additionally, the technique of expert interviews is employed, allowing for a deeper understanding of the legal and operational issues within Colombia’s healthcare system. Based on this analysis, the feasibility and necessity of establishing an autonomous regime of medical-sanitary liability is substantiated, complemented by a specialized jurisdiction that ensures efficient justice administration aligned with the specificities of the health sector. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/rcp.1122
Anyone who contemplates the history of human thought and its continuous connections can see the increasing importance of work in meeting the daily needs of individuals, both material and moral. This topic has garnered significant interest from researchers and scholars in social and economic fields due to its connection to the world of work. Work is considered a primary driver of nations and peoples, serving as a source of energy, activity, and vitality; it is the lifeblood of existence, through which individuals achieve happiness and establish their identity. Among those who have explored this field is the Arab thinker Adel Al-Awa, who has examined the concept of work from individual, social, and existential perspectives. He emphasises the significance of work concerning "one's livelihood and daily life," as well as the challenges it entails. Al-Awa aims to contribute to Arab philosophy by providing a deeper understanding of work within the Arab context, addressing the various challenges and issues faced in today's world, despite the availability of resources comparable to those of advanced countries. Consequently, his contributions to moral thought, particularly regarding the value of work, become evident.
History and Cyclical Equivalence: A Comparative Approach Between Ibn Khaldun and Vico
There is a clear overlap between the thought of Ibn Khaldun and that of Vico, despite the differences in their historical and cultural contexts. Both thinkers considered history a science governed by cyclical laws. They believed that nations follow similar stages of emergence, flourishing, and decline. Ibn Khaldun emphasized tribal solidarity and the political cycle of civilizations, while Vico proposed a cultural and historical model of repeated societal development. This similarity reveals an early awareness in both thinkers of the cyclical nature of history and the idea that civilizations follow patterns that can be studied and understood scientifically.
The Power of Letter Writing in “Him with His Foot in His Mouth,” by Saul Bellow
This article examines Saul Bellow’s use of the epistolary form and apostrophe in his novella “Him with His Foot in His Mouth,” focusing on how these tools reveal the psychological and relational complexities of Dr. Shawmut. Framed as an apology to Miss Rose, the letter transcends remorse, becoming Shawmut’s means of controlling how his actions are remembered and interpreted. Through apostrophe, Bellow allows Shawmut to dominate the narrative, highlighting power imbalances in communication when one party remains silent. The epistolary form transforms Shawmut’s apology into a performance of introspection and manipulation, revealing his oscillation between guilt and self-justification. This structure reflects Bellow’s broader interest in memory, relationships, and the tension between private and public identities. Language, as depicted, becomes both a tool for confession and a mechanism for concealment. This study emphasizes the role of form in shaping Bellow’s themes, complementing existing criticism on his exploration of identity and morality. By analyzing Foot’s narrative strategies, the article underscores Bellow’s mastery of merging psychological depth with formal innovation, solidifying his place in modern literature as a writer attuned to the complexities of guilt, power, and self-perception in human relationships.
From Alchemy to Mysticism:A Reading of the Manuscript Unlocking the Symbols and Keys to the Treasures by Jābir ibn Ḥayyān
This study explores the intricate intersection of alchemy and mysticism in the manuscript Unlocking the Symbols and Keys to the Treasures (Ḥall al-Rumūz wa-Mafātīḥ al-Kunūz) attributed to Jābir ibn Ḥayyān, one of the foundational figures of Islamic science. The manuscript reveals a deeply symbolic framework in which alchemical procedures are not merely physical or proto-chemical processes, but metaphysical journeys toward self-purification and spiritual enlightenment. The fusion of esoteric alchemical language with Ṣūfī terminology reflects Jābir’s overarching aim: to decode the divine order embedded within matter and spirit alike. In this work, Jābir constructs a unified vision of reality where knowledge of the physical world becomes inseparable from inner, spiritual transformation. Alchemy, in this context, is conceptualized as a sacred science—a pathway to unveil cosmic secrets and attain the ultimate elixir, which is both material and symbolic. The study examines how this manuscript embodies a hermeneutics of transformation, wherein substances, symbols, and the self undergo parallel refinement. By situating this manuscript within the broader intellectual landscape of Islamic mysticism and occult science, the article argues that Jābir’s alchemical thought anticipates a mode of inquiry where revelation, symbolic interpretation, and empirical engagement converge. The manuscript thus stands as a testament to a pre-modern epistemology that views the universe as a text to be read with both rational precision and mystical insight.
The Question of Death in the Philosophy of Luc Ferry
This study aims to address one of the most complex philosophical issues discussed in philosophy in general, and in the philosophy of Luc Ferry in particular. The latter introduced a new philosophical conception — metaphysical in its essence, spiritual and humanistic in its dimensions — founded on the principle of love as a metaphysical principle that transcends the individual and the personal toward the universal and global. In doing so, it can serve as the optimal solution to the problem of death.
The Triviality System in Contemporary Societies:An Examination of Negative Consequences and Potential Solutions
This study examines the contemporary pervasiveness of triviality, conceptualized as a cohesive and structured system demonstrably expanding in the modern landscape. Beyond a transient fad, this system wields substantial influence across diverse facets of contemporary human existence, both at the individual and collective levels. The information and media revolution, and its consequent paradigm shifts in our engagement with the world, have been instrumental in the genesis and reinforcement of this system. The global internet, with its significant capacity for communication and information dissemination, alongside various social networking platforms, has undeniably facilitated the emergence and accelerated proliferation of this system within modern societies. An assessment of the ramifications of this system reveals demonstrably adverse consequences for individuals and society at large. These repercussions, impacting numerous aspects of social, cultural, and economic spheres, elicit considerable apprehension among scholars, researchers, and scientists involved in public policy, concerning the potential threats this evolving phenomenon poses to social cohesion, societal unity, and the attainment of sustainable development goals. This escalating concern stems from the reinforcement, by this system, of values such as mediocrity, superficiality, indifference, and a lack of engagement with fundamental inquiries, thereby eroding established moral principles and elevated ideals. Moreover, this system impairs cognitive functions and critical reasoning abilities, compromising individuals' capacity for informed decision-making and active participation in societal development. Consequently, given the critical significance of this sensitive and vital issue, its rigorous investigation, comprehensive analysis, thorough examination, and conscientious treatment constitute an immediate and unavoidable imperative that demands prioritization
The Ecological Problem: An Ethical Approach to Responsibility
The This research aims to analyze the dialectical relationship between human technological development and environmental degradation, focusing on the role of ethical awareness as a regulator of human practices toward the ecosystem, where the research relies on a critical analytical approach to explore the historical impacts of human interventions—particularly with the mechanized and technological revolution—which have transformed the environment from a balanced element into an existential threat due to irresponsible practices. The results show that the absence of a societal culture based on respect for the original conditions of nature promotes unethical behavior, such as the overexploitation of resources and the pollution caused by modern technologies, as the study also confirms that "technological development" is not a justification for granting humans the authority to act outside ethical frameworks
The Impact of Revolution 4.0 on International Law and Arms Regulation (2016-2024).
This research examines the impact of Revolution 4.0 on International Law and arms regulation, particularly in the period 2016-2024, through a critical and socio-legal approach, it analyzes the challenges imposed on International Humanitarian Law (IHL) by new technologies applied to armed conflicts, such as autonomous weapons systems (AWS), artificial intelligence (AI) and cyberwarfare. These innovations have reshaped the modern battlefield, posing serious challenges to the application of fundamental principles such as distinction, proportionality and precaution, the study starts from the recognition of a normative gap that hinders the attribution of state responsibility and meaningful human control, especially in scenarios where war decisions are automated, likewise, the role of states, international organizations and civil society in the construction of effective regulatory frameworks is examined; The methodology used combines normative-dogmatic, comparative-legal and philosophical-legal methods, supported by analysis of recent cases and specialized literature; the project aims not only to identify the normative transformations driven by the technological revolution, but also to propose guidelines to ensure respect for IHL in contexts of digitalized warfare, this research contributes to the reflection on the need to adapt international law to the dizzying changes of the XXI century, reaffirming the imperative of protecting civilian populations in the use of emerging war technologies. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/rcp.1150
The Effect of Problem-Based Learning Model Assisted By Animation Video on Learning Outcomes of Islamic Education Primary School in Deli Serdang District
The objective of this study is to comprehend the impact of video age and PBL on Islamic Education grade V primary school students in Deli Serdang District. This examination configuration depends on aggregate insight. One approach taken is the non-equivalent group control design. Utilizing the group arbitrary example technique, all understudies in grade V Deli Serdang District were chosen as subjects for this review. Information was gathered utilizing a pretest-posttest plan. In this experiment, the information retrieval method used is t test with a gain of 2,317 > ttable= 2,012 for the first school and 2,041 > ttable= 2,019 for the second one with a threshold of 0.05, respectively, indicating that H1 is accepted while H0 is rejected. It is important to note that using video animation as part of the PBL model in both primary schools results in better outcomes.
Visible Marks, Invisible Boundaries: Tattooing, Scarification, and Social Stigma in Tunisia
In contemporary Tunisia, the male tattoo asserts itself as a significant body marking, taking on a role beyond simple aesthetic adornment to become an arena for identity expression, social protest and gender rewriting. Emerging historically from spiritual, medicinal or tribal purposes, the practice has evolved to subvert its traditional significance under the push of modernity, globalization, and shifting constructions of masculinity. This article examines masculine tattooing as a socially perceived risk factor through a qualitative investigation using semi-directive interviews, including conservative contexts where it is frequently linked to moral deviance, marginalization, or criminality. This stigmatization of the tattooed body extends beyond the individual and impacts the person's family and community, exposing deep social issues related to physical visibility and the conflict between traditional and modern identities. The study clarifies the connections between self-affirmation, tattooing, and scarification in a post-revolutionary setting where the body becomes a negotiation ground between institutional pressures, individual agency, and social dominance. She finally examines the subjective meanings of tattoos for men while examining the social responses they elicit.
Blended Learning: Advantages and Disadvantages
The teaching of English has witnessed remarkable developments in terms of approaches and methods used in the English language classroom. The basic teaching media used in an English language class include the whiteboard. Moreover, teachers have been encouraged to use the various types of technology that have emerged in recent years such as the data projector, the smart board, mobile devices, audio and video recordings and computers in order to show students words, pictures and texts. Moreover, many ways of learning have appeared such as distant learning and blended learning to enable students to learn. Blended learning that uses both online and in-person learning (Harmer, 2012) has been adopted in the Algerian universities right after the Covid pandemic emergence. To this end, the aim of this paper is to shed light on blended learning in the Algerian universities context, highlighting its advantages and disadvantages.
Impact of Employee Engagement on Productivity: A Regression Analysis Approach to Predict Performance Metrics
Employee engagement has become a key driver of organizational success, impacting important performance measures like productivity, turnover, and financial performance. While there is increased literature, quantitative measurement of how levels of engagement, as gauged by employee surveys, translate to tangible productivity measures is not yet fully explored. In this study, the relationship between employee engagement and organizational productivity is explored with the aid of multiple linear regression analysis grounded on actual data from an engagement survey and performance metrics of a multinational organization. The research is underpinned by robust statistical methodology grounded in ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models to quantify how various engagement facets (e.g., autonomy, recognition, communication quality) predict tangible productivity measures (e.g., revenue per employee, task completion rate). Through using established regression analysis, the study demonstrates that employee engagement has a significant and positive effect on productivity measures with statistically significant coefficients (p < 0.01) and explanatory power (adjusted R² > 0.60). The analysis highlights the predictive strength of engagement survey responses and the quantitative underpinning for strategic human resource interventions. Its implications extend to corporate governance, people strategy, and human capital management, encouraging evidence-based approaches to maximize employee experience and organizational performance. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/rcp.1171
Inter-generational Relations: Between the Dialectic of Conflict and Consensus A socio-anthropological study of the contemporary Tunisian family (The city of Marsa Tunisia as an example)
This study focuses on the transformation process experienced by the family, which is undergoing continuous changes in the patterns of its relationships, bonds, features, and roles. Another institution with different characteristics, behavioral references, and symbolic meanings, affecting its structure, cultural identity, and system, making it susceptible to these social and cultural transformations, is gradually replacing the set of values that once structured it. Additionally, this study aims to shed light on the confusion faced by guardians today in fulfilling their role in raising children, which involves ongoing attention to the children—a necessity in contemporary societies. Children require daily supervision from their guardians to prevent blind imitation and the adoption of cultures that differ from their own, thereby avoiding a departure from their inherited values. However, recent studies have shown that the functions, roles, and structure of the family have undergone changes and have taken on new directions compared to the past. In light of these transformations, contemporary societies have been influenced by modern electronic technological villages that attempt to unify the world and bring together its cultural parts through a modern communication bridge, changing the cultural orientation of today's social actor.
Humane Criminal Deterrence Formula through Restorative Justice and Economic Analysis of Penal Law Approaches
This paper proposes a theoretical idea of mathematical and economic value-based criminal deterrence formulation that ensures crime does not benefit the crime’s perpetrator, while ensuring humane penal sentencing that is just for the victim(s), society, and the perpetrator. This proposed formulation of criminal deterrence could be what is needed in answering how to achieve the criminal/penal justice’s purposes as no formulation has ever been presented elsewhere, while entrusting penal sentencing formulation entirely to the judges or the sentencing structure to the lawmakers is still highly problematic. This research uses a normative approach with a counter synthesis from the weaknesses discovered through economic analysis of penal law, especially in its sentencing, in current Indonesia Penal Code (/KUHP), Indonesia’s newest 2023 Penal Code (KUHP 2023), and some examples from other nations, while doing it in a conceptual and eclectic approach based on Integrative Sentencing Purposes Theory by Muladi that integrates the retributive sentencing purpose, the rehabilitative sentencing purpose, and restorative justice theory as one system. This proposed humane criminal deterrence formulation ensures the punishment’s weight must be greater than the crime’s profit, as one of Bentham’s sentencing rules requires while giving meaning, certainty, and economic reasonability for imprisonment. This formulation proposes the following standards: a. the penal sentence’s economic value should at least be equal to the sum of its victim(s)’ restitution and its fine sentence; b. the penal sentence must be in double or dual-track system through alternative penal sentencing treat mode with financial sentences or imprisonment format, and; c. imprisonment should be treated as forced labour equivalent to the economic value gained by any person working legally in the worst condition in that area and time, which ensuring the priority for the perpetrator to choose imprisonment as the last resort.
Polyphony, Memory and Counter-History: The Writing of Female Resistance in Assia Djebar's La Femme sans Sépulture
In La Femme sans sépulture, Assia Djebar uses narrative polyphony to restore the forgotten voices of women in the history of the Algerian War of Independence. Through the figure of Zoulikha Oudai, a resistance fighter erased from official accounts, the author constructs a fragmentary, sensitive, and committed memory. Polyphony becomes a tool for historical reconfiguration, making it possible to hear silences, emotions, and female experiences often relegated to the margins. By rejecting fixed and homogeneous narratives, Djebar offers a plural and vibrant history where writing becomes an act of resistance and transmission.
The importance of using artificial intelligence in developing the educational evaluation process
The education sector, like other sectors, has witnessed radical transformations due to the rapid development resulting from the use of artificial intelligence applications, as it has an effective role in improving the quality of the educational process. This study investigates the use of artificial intelligence techniques in the evaluation process, looking into the concept of smart educational evaluation, its advantages, and the risks associated with its application.
"Epistemological Aims and the Determination of Useful Sciences: A Comparative Study of al-Fārābī and al-Ghazālī in the Classification of Practical and Theoretical Knowledge"
This research aims to clarify the differences in defining cognitive goals and beneficial sciences between Al-Fārābī and Al-Ghazālī, based on their theoretical and practical classifications of the sciences. To achieve its objectives, the study adopts three main methodologies: the descriptive approach, the analytical approach, and the comparative approach. The findings indicate that Al-Fārābī classifies the sciences from a logical and philosophical perspective, while Al-Ghazālī approaches them from a purely religious and Sufi standpoint. However, both thinkers agree that the ultimate purpose of these sciences is to achieve human happiness. According to Al-Fārābī, beneficial sciences are those that develop the intellect and contribute to the well-being of society within the framework of the ideal city. He views knowledge as an end in itself and maintains that the advancement of human beings in the theoretical sciences brings them closer to true happiness. In contrast, Al-Ghazālī defines beneficial sciences as those that strengthen faith and purify the soul, thereby leading to eternal happiness. He considers knowledge not as an end, but as a means to righteous action, where the correct application of knowledge enables self-purification. If misused, however, knowledge may become a source of harm to its possessor.
Text Linguistics and the Question of Communicative Equilibrium: A Critique of the Transmission-Reception Dichotomy
Linguistics is a core branch of language science. It investigates the structure, functions, and uses of language. Text linguistics, as a modern extension of the field, focuses on analyzing texts as cohesive linguistic units. It moves beyond traditional sentence-level analysis to explore how texts achieve coherence and cohesion. This paper offers a critical examination of two key standards in text linguistics: intentionality and acceptability. It discusses major critiques of these two principles and evaluates the main responses to them. Special attention is given to how reader diversity and cultural background affect textual interpretation.
The Integration of Digital Tools in Foreign Language Teaching: Challenges and Prospects for Innovative Pedagogy
The digital revolution has now become an undeniable reality, compelling educational systems and academic institutions to profoundly rethink their teaching practices. In foreign language education, the use of digital tools has become a methodological necessity, yet it raises numerous challenges, including teacher training, risks of cognitive overload, and unequal access to these resources. In this regard, Warschauer (2011, p. 33) argues that "technologies provide expanded access to linguistic resources and enable a more personalized approach to learning." However, their integration should not be limited to superficial use; it requires in-depth reflection on the practical modalities of their pedagogical implementation. From both a didactic and pedagogical perspective, this study aims to analyze the impact of digital tools more specifically, the Moodle platform—on the teaching and learning of French as a Foreign Language (FFL) in the Algerian university context. To this end, an empirical investigation was conducted among learners and instructors at two institutions: The University of Larbi Ben M’Hidi in Oum El Bouaghi and the Frères Mentouri University of Constantine 1. The objective is to assess the extent to which the integration of this digital learning environment influences pedagogical practices and language acquisition processes, while identifying potential challenges related to its implementation.
"The Comic Grave: Memory, Mortality, and Mockery in Saul Bellow’s 'Mosby's Memoirs' "
In "Mosby’s Memoirs, " memory becomes a performative space for moral self-justification—but also a deeply ironic space where the protagonist’s illusions are entombed, exposed, and even ridiculed. Through the character of Mosby, a self-aggrandizing bureaucrat-turned-memoirist, Bellow enacts a subtle dismantling of intellectual self-importance and cultural legacy. The study examines how mockery, apostrophic performance, and narrative disintegration converge in the protagonist’s self-narration, thereby reflecting Bellow’s broader philosophical concerns with mortality, spiritual decline, and the inadequacy of language to capture the soul's elusive residue. Drawing on Paul Ricoeur’s hermeneutics of memory and George Steiner’s lament of the “after-speech” condition, the article positions the story as a text that both inherits and subverts the confessional tradition. It is through Mosby’s rhetorical collapse and ironic grandeur that Bellow constructs a new form of tragicomedy: one where the grave is comic not because death is mocked, but because meaning itself disintegrates under the weight of self-awareness. Ultimately, this paper argues that Bellow's story stages a late-modern meditation on the death of intellectual mastery, and with it, the decay of the self’s last stronghold—its voice.
Performing Jewish Identity and Preserving Power: The Role of Cultural Apostrophe and Narrative Control in Saul Bellow’s "The Old System"
This study explores Saul Bellow’s "The Old System", examining its treatment of Jewish-American identity, familial duty, and the interplay between heritage and modernity. Through "cultural apostrophe," fragmented storytelling, and performative character interactions, Bellow creates a nuanced narrative where past and present continually reshape identity and agency. The study analyzes three primary character categories—women, men, and the narrator—to examine how power, autonomy, and ethnic heritage manifest in familial structures. Aunt Rose, Tina, and Isaac’s wife embody contrasting modes of influence—through financial control, open defiance, or quiet endurance—each negotiating the patriarchal and communal expectations imposed upon them. Similarly, Isaac Braun and Old Braun represent different approaches to masculinity, with Isaac torn between modern individualism and inherited Jewish traditions, while Old Braun symbolizes quiet submission and the weight of historical survival. Dr. Braun’s narrative control and use of apostrophe serve as a reflective lens, shaping the reader’s perception of familial tensions and collective remembrance. Drawing on Jan Assmann’s concept of "cultural memory," Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of social capital, and Judith Butler’s notion of gender performativity, this study demonstrates how Bellow constructs a multi-layered interrogation of identity, continuity, and resistance. This story ultimately functions as a microcosm of Jewish-American struggles, capturing the paradoxes of legacy, power, and assimilation. By situating the story within Bellow’s broader literary concerns, this study highlights its lasting significance in Jewish-American literature and its contribution to the discourse on ethnic survival and self-representation.
Rethinking transitional justice in Colombia: legal architecture, structural tensions and the challenge of its integration as public policy (1991-2024)
This article examines the legal evolution and institutional challenges of transitional justice in Colombia from 1991 to 2024, within the broader framework of the State's efforts to build a sustainable peace. Grounded in a theoretical approach that conceives transitional justice as a normative public policy duty, the study critically analyzes the normative fragmentation, weak implementation, and lack of inter-institutional coordination of the transitional justice mechanisms adopted in Colombia. It identifies three key normative phases, describes five structural tensions (centralism, punitive bias, legal dispersion, funding deficits, and socio-economic omission), and proposes a in multilevel governance and territorial inclusion. The article concludes that despite important constitutional and legislative progress, Colombia has yet to consolidate a coherent and sustainable public policy of transitional justice, and its future success depends on broader institutional articulation, social inclusion, and long-term programmatic vision. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/rcp.1212
The Role of Hajj and Umrah Seasons in the Sustainability of Tourism Development in Saudi Arabia – Vision 2030
This study aims to highlight "the role of Hajj and Umrah seasons in the sustainability of tourism development in Saudi Arabia under Vision 2030" and to demonstrate the economic developmental benefits for Saudi Arabia. Additionally, it sheds light on the Kingdom’s leadership and pioneering role in providing social responsibility services to pilgrims visiting the Grand Mosque in Makkah and the Prophet's Mosque in Madinah. The study, based on a survey-based approach, confirms the presence of a statistically significant relationship between the Hajj and Umrah seasons and the sustainability of tourism development and the prosperity of the Saudi economy. The findings emphasize the importance of fostering an attractive environment for pilgrims, which will have a positive impact on increasing the number of visitors. This aligns with Saudi Arabia’s strategy of cybersecurity sustainability to build a vibrant society, an ambitious nation, and a thriving economy under Vision 2030. Saudi Arabia enjoys various attractive tourist sites, and Hajj and Umrah seasons serve as key economic tourism indicators, reflecting sustainable development efforts through advanced organizational and engineering plans as well as progressive social responsibility initiatives.
The Digital Skills of Teaching Staff in Algerian universities: Between training and requirements in the field
Technology education is one of the main challenges to be met today, both nationally and internationally. Forums such as UNESCO have long agreed on the need to promote the integration of technology into education systems. This article presents the results of a questionnaire survey on the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the training of university teachers in Algeria. Distributed online to teachers from various universities, fields, and specialities, the questionnaire collected preliminary data highlighting that, despite the undeniable potential of these technologies and the diversity of devices aimed at improving teaching and learning, their integration in the Algerian university context remains limited. From this perspective, in-service training for teachers and the digitalization of university environments are essential levers for promoting a more effective and sustainable adoption of these digital tools.
Reflecting to Become: A Collaborative Autoethnography of Professional Identity Construction in ELT Practicums
Professional identity has been a touchstone in analyzing pre-service English teachers' agency in complex contexts such as the Colombian scenario in which policies and discourses are multivocal and problematic. This study analyzes how preservice English teachers construct their professional identities, focusing on the emotional and belief-driven dimensions that emerge during the practicum phases. Researchers conducted a collaborative autoethnographic approach within a thematic analysis and research tools such as journey plots and identity mapping were used to examine the participants’ experiences, emotions, and beliefs. The findings reveal that personal patterns, such as reflection and motivation, alongside contextual elements, like institutional support and peer interactions, play a critical role in professional identity construction. Additionally, the results highlight the importance of reflective practicums for enabling preservice English teachers to navigate their roles as educators with greater awareness and confidence. Therefore, it addresses a gap in the limited literature on teacher identity in Colombia, this research provides insights that could inform teacher education programs and support policies fostering identity development in preservice teachers. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/rcp.1223
Philosophical Perspectives on Nutrition: Ethics, Culture, and the Concept of the Good Life
This paper explores the philosophical dimensions of nutrition through the lenses of ethics, culture, and the good life. By integrating insights from moral philosophy, cultural studies, and contemporary health discourse, the study highlights how dietary practices are deeply embedded in normative and existential frameworks. The paper argues that nutrition is not merely a matter of biological sustenance, but a reflection of cultural identity, ethical values, and philosophical ideals about well-being
Brain Tumors and Effect on Cognitive Functions : Memory, Perception, Attention (Clinical Study)
This study aims to understand the nature of cognitive disorders associated with brain tumors through an in-depth analysis of case studies, focusing on cognitive performance in three areas of brain function. Brain tumors directly affect an individual’s performance of various ognitive tasks. The most prominent of these effects are memory impairment, attention deficits, and perceptual difficulties. The pattern of cognitive disorders in female patients with brain tumors was analyzed, and the relationship between the location of the tumor in the brain and the nature of the disorder in each cognitive domain was revealed. We used the clinical approach with case study technique as the most appropriate for analyzing complex psychological phenomena in their natural context, especially in individual neurological cases, by studying three cases selected according to specific clinical and diagnostic criteria. The study tools, including the Wechsler Memory Test, the Stroop Test, interviews, and observation, contributed to obtaining data on the cognitive performance and personal context of each case, yielding the following results: clear disturbances in working and visual memory. Difficulties in selective attention and cognitive inhibition, according to the Stroop test results. General cognitive slowing and decline in mental processing efficiency. It also showed variation in the severity of disorders depending on the location of the tumor, reinforcing the effect of brain structure on cognitive performance. Therefore, brain tumors negatively affect basic cognitive functions, especially memory, attention, and perception.
Strategic Employee Selection: An Approach for Effective Employees Performance
The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between strategic employee selection and employees performance. Stratified random sampling technique has been used to collect data from 260 employees of 13 banks in the state of Haryana. Two selection processes – selection interview and employment test were regressed on employees performance. A self administered questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. Questionnaire items were set on five point likert scale for measuring variables. IBM SPSS 26.0 software has been used for descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The outcome of the study supports that strategic employee selection process has positive and significant relationship with employee performance. The outcome bridges the gap that exists in employee performance literature. The study suggests that organisations should attract best talent needed to enhance employee performance to achieve organizational excellence.
Administrative and Financial Management of Village-Owned Enterprises (A Village Official Business Board) in Kotabunan Sub-district (East Bolaang Mongondow District) Kauditan Sub-district (North Minahasa District) Ratahan Sub-district (Southeast Minahasa D
The choice of research locus in three sub-districts (Ratahan Sub-District in Southeast Minahasa District, Kotabunan Sub-District in East Bolaang Mongondow District, and Kauditan Sub-District in North Minahasa District) refers to previous research indicating that one of the main components of the success of Bumdes in these sub-districts was the capabilities and management patterns of Bumdes funds. The selection of these three sub-districts for this study is based on references from the PNPM Mandiri Ministry of Village data, which show that the BUMDES in these sub-districts are the most developed compared to those in other districts in North Sulawesi. Based on these empirical facts, it is assessed that the results of this research will provide very useful academic recommendations for developing other BUMDES in North Sulawesi. This research will be carried out using qualitative methods. By using this approach, it is hoped that in-depth findings on the success of BUMDES in these three sub-districts can be obtained.
Indonesia's Foreign Policy in Response to China-United States Rivalry in the Indo-Pacific Region
China's economic and military expansion in the South China Sea region over the last five years (2018-2023) has triggered an increase in global economic, military, political, and security tensions. The United States and its allies view this as a global security threat, while China’s economic growth has surpassed that of Europe and the United States. This is evidenced by China’s penetration into the domestic markets of various countries worldwide, including ASEAN member countries. China now controls almost 80% of the domestic markets of many countries, with its products outperforming those from Europe and the US. This situation prompts global political, economic, and security conflicts that have the potential to negatively impact developing countries. The global rivalry between China and the United States is leading to the formation of economic, security, and military blocs. Britain, Japan, Australia, and India align with the US bloc, while Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and North Korea align with China’s economic and military influence. Indonesia must make the right decisions to avoid being "squeezed" in this rivalry. It seems that Indonesia's foreign policy, which adheres to the principle of being free and active, must be actualized correctly to secure and strengthen Indonesia's interests in the Indo-Pacific region. This research is crucial because there has not been a positive trend of decreased Chinese aggression in the South China Sea. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on how Indonesia's foreign policy responds to the global rivalry between China and the United States.
Multidisciplinary Management of Burn and Reconstructive Surgery: Integrating Nursing, Internal Medicine, and Diagnostic Radiology in Saudi Tertiary Care
Background: Burn and reconstructive surgery patients require comprehensive multidisciplinary care that integrates specialized nursing expertise, internal medicine management, and advanced diagnostic imaging. The complexity of burn injuries and reconstructive procedures necessitates coordinated care delivery across multiple specialties to optimize patient outcomes and minimize complications. Objective: This study examines the multidisciplinary management of burn and reconstructive surgery patients in Saudi tertiary care settings, focusing on the integration of specialized nursing care, internal medicine support, and diagnostic radiology services to enhance patient outcomes and care quality. Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted examining current practices, care protocols, and outcomes associated with multidisciplinary burn and reconstructive surgery management in Saudi tertiary care facilities. Literature review encompassed evidence-based practices, role definitions, and collaborative care models spanning 2014 to 2024. Results: Analysis revealed that effective burn and reconstructive surgery management requires seamless integration of specialized nursing care for wound management and patient monitoring, internal medicine expertise for systemic complications and comorbidity management, and diagnostic radiology support for treatment planning and outcome assessment. Key success factors include standardized protocols, interprofessional communication, and coordinated care pathways. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary teams integrating nursing, internal medicine, and diagnostic radiology expertise demonstrate superior outcomes in burn and reconstructive surgery patient care. Healthcare organizations should prioritize collaborative care models with clear role definitions and systematic outcome measurement to optimize patient recovery and satisfaction.
Medication Safety Practices with Smart Infusion Pumps and Automated Systems: A Review Study
Background: Administration errors of medicines (MAEs), primarily those through intravenous (IV) therapy, impose significant risk for patient safety and cause adverse drug events (ADEs) and increased mortality rates. Medication infusion pumps that are smart with dose error reduction systems (DERS), along with automated solutions with electronic health record (EHR) interoperability, aim to prevent the same threats. Aim: This analysis assesses the effectiveness of smart pumps and automated systems at preventing MAEs, reveals barriers and facilitators for implementation, and suggests optimization recommendations. Methods: A systematic search of the databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL (2010–2024) was conducted with regard to hospital studies of automated and smart pumps. Error minimization, compliance, alert fatigue, and implementation strategies were taken as data. Results: Up to an 80% decrease in MAEs was seen with smart pumps, and hard limits avoided severe overdoses. Interoperability decreased error rates by 15.4–90.5%. Drawbacks are alert fatigue, 75.8% of soft alert overrides, and drug library non-compliance. Conclusion: Automated systems and smart pumps increase the safety of IV drugs, and non-compliance and alert fatigue hamper efficiency. Standardized drug libraries, education, and interoperability are the optimization solution.
Social Representations and Social Imaginaries as Analytical Categories in the Study of Suicidal Ideation: A Critical Review
Objective: To comparatively analyze social representations and social imaginaries as analytical categories from an epistemological perspective in the context of suicidal ideation, highlighting their complementarity for strengthening humanistic and epistemological analyses. Methodology: A critical documentary review was conducted using specialized databases such as Scopus and Web of Science, complemented by recent literature from key authors in the field. Fifty indexed academic references were selected based on criteria of relevance, recency, and methodological rigor. The analysis focused on identifying convergences and divergences between the categories in terms of level of abstraction, temporality, and sources employed. Results: Social representations and social imaginaries share the function of providing methodological and epistemological coherence but differ in scope. Social representations organize and delimit concepts, while social imaginaries capture collective symbolic structures that contextualize narratives and cultural meanings. Their contrast allows for a dual perspective: categorical precision and symbolic contextualization. Conclusions: The two categories are not interchangeable but complementary. Their articulation enables a critical and in-depth understanding of suicidal ideation, integrating individual and collective dimensions of meaning. This integration strengthens the conceptual bridge between imagining and representing in humanistic studies. Implications: The incorporation of social representations and social imaginaries as analytical epistemological categories provides solidity to methodological designs in doctoral and advanced research. At the same time, it offers a useful framework for generating culturally sensitive approaches to suicide prevention, recognizing the interaction between the collective symbolic and the representational. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/rcp.1266
Moving Beyond Alienation: The Role of Collaboration in Today’s Indonesia Labor Environment
In an era characterized by fragmented work relationships due to utilitarian orientation, the experience of alienation is becoming increasingly prevalent, especially in how to achieve common goals in the workplace. The question is, how can this issue be addressed philosophically? This paper offers a philosophical reflection on collaboration as a form of collective commitment among individuals that can meaningfully address the condition of alienation in contemporary work environments. Drawing on Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition and the philosophical notion of intersubjectivity, a critical response to fragmented work relationships can emerge, thereby proposing that collaboration is not merely a managerial strategy but a collective commitment that can philosophically subdue fragmented work relationships. By conceptualizing collaboration as a collective commitment based on recognition, this approach reclaims work as a place for individuals to mutually recognize their respective roles in achieving common goals at work rather than simply “being” in the same workplace to gain as much individual benefit as possible. The paper then explores how collaboration can foster pro-social resonance and mitigate the fragmentation effects of relational alienation. Ultimately, this philosophical response serves as a critique and alternative to the current way of working that distances individuals from common goals in their work environment, leaving each other busy seeking individual gain rather than making it a place to make sense of the shared world they inhabit (the work environment) as a coexistent space.
Food Justice and the Ethics of Global Nutrition: hilosophical Reflections on Inequality and the Good Life
This paper explores the philosophical dimensions of food justice and global nutrition, focusing on the ethical implications of inequality in food distribution and access. It argues that nutrition is not only a biological necessity but also a moral and political issue embedded within broader frameworks of justice, human rights, and the concept of the good life. By examining ethical theories and cross-cultural perspectives, the paper highlights how philosophical inquiry can contribute to addressing global nutritional disparities and promoting human flourishing.
Distributed AdTech Systems for Personalized Fashion Marketing
The rapid evolution of advertising technology (AdTech) has transformed the fashion industry, enabling data-driven personalization at unprecedented scales. However, centralized AdTech models often face limitations in latency, scalability, and privacy compliance, making them less effective in meeting the demands of dynamic fashion marketing. This study investigates the role of distributed AdTech systems in enhancing personalization, consumer engagement, and trust within the fashion sector. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from e-commerce platforms, social media interactions, and in-store transactions of 2,500 fashion consumers. The distributed system was tested across seasonal promotions, flash sales, and routine shopping scenarios, and results were compared against a centralized model. Findings show that distributed systems significantly outperformed centralized models by reducing latency by 67%, tripling scalability, and improving personalization accuracy, particularly in routine shopping contexts. Consumer behavior metrics revealed higher click-through and conversion rates, increased repeat purchases, and reduced cart abandonment, while consumer trust was strengthened through blockchain-enabled transparency and federated learning for privacy preservation. Regression analysis identified recommendation accuracy and latency as key predictors of conversion, and cluster analysis revealed four distinct consumer groups with unique engagement patterns. These results underscore the transformative potential of distributed AdTech systems in balancing efficiency, personalization, and consumer trust, offering both theoretical contributions and practical strategies for fashion marketers. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/rcp.1276
Development of a Mathematics Anxiety Scale
This study aimed to develop and construct a Mathematics Anxiety Scale with strong validity evidence, suitable for use in the Arab context. The standardization sample consisted of 238 students, selected non-randomly from various levels of middle school education. The study followed a systematic scientific methodology, beginning with the preparation of the initial version of the scale, which included 38 items formulated after reviewing theoretical frameworks and previous studies related to mathematics anxiety. These items underwent a series of methodological procedures to verify validity conditions, starting with content validity assessment through a panel of experts in psychology and education. Cognitive interviews were also conducted with a sample of students to ensure the clarity and comprehensibility of the items for the target group. To verify the internal consistency of the scale, correlation coefficients between each item and the total score were calculated, leading to the elimination of items with weak correlations. Results of the exploratory factor analysis using the principal components method with Varimax rotation revealed a single dominant factor that explained a large proportion of the total variance. After applying the item retention criterion (loading ≥ 0.30), the final version of the scale was reduced to 32 items representing a unidimensional structure. Findings indicated that the scale possessed acceptable psychometric properties, with a Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of 0.92 for the entire scale. The study concludes that the final version of the scale is a reliable tool for assessing mathematics anxiety among students and can be used for research, diagnostic, and counseling purposes, thereby contributing to the development of appropriate intervention programs to reduce mathematics anxiety.
Philosophical Dimensions of Personalized Nutrition: Ethics, Identity, and the Pursuit of the Good Life
This paper explores the philosophical dimensions of personalized nutrition, examining its ethical, cultural, and existential implications. Personalized nutrition, often based on genetic testing, lifestyle assessment, and biomarker analysis, represents a shift from general dietary recommendations to individualized health strategies. While this advancement promises improved health outcomes, it also raises profound philosophical questions regarding identity, justice, and the pursuit of the good life. The paper analyzes personalized nutrition through the lenses of ethics, cultural practices, and philosophical traditions, particularly Aristotelian conceptions of eudaimonia. The discussion highlights both the promises and challenges of personalized nutrition, emphasizing its role in shaping individual well-being and collective justice in an increasingly globalized society.
Prevalence and risk factors of anxiety and depression among patients with chronic diseases, Saudi Arabia
A connection was found between chronic illnesses and psychological disorders leading to negative impact on health-related quality of life. This study assessed prevalence of anxiety and depression among chronic diseases patients in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was done on chronic diseases patients for ≥3 years using an online questionnaire. Data about patients’ demographics, and medical information Arabic version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was used to assess the psychological well-being. Of participants, 59.4% had 41-60 years, 74.3% were males and 89.7% were married. The most common chronic diseases were hypertension (56.2%) and diabetes (47.6%). Of patients, 22.2% had depression and 27% had anxiety. Depression was significantly higher among participants aged 41-60 years, males, married, with secondary education or more, with 10 001-20 000 SR monthly income, having 4 chronic diseases, longer disease duration and sedentary lifestyle. Anxiety was significantly higher among participants aged 41-60 years, separated, with secondary education or more, employed, having 10 001-20 000 SR monthly income, overweight, and those with longer disease duration. A significant positive correlation was found between depression and anxiety scores and the number of chronic diseases. Mental health should be recognized as a core component of chronic disease management.
Biosensor Technologies and Point-of-Care Innovations: Shaping the Future of Rapid Diagnostics in Saudi Healthcare Laboratories
The integration of biosensor technologies and point-of-care testing innovations represents a transformative shift in diagnostic medicine, particularly within the evolving healthcare landscape of Saudi Arabia. This comprehensive review examines the current state, challenges, and future directions of rapid diagnostic technologies in Saudi healthcare laboratories. The paper explores various biosensor platforms, including electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, and nanomaterial-based systems, while analyzing their implementation in point-of-care settings. Through systematic literature review and comparative analysis, this study evaluates the performance characteristics, clinical applications, and economic implications of these technologies within the context of Saudi Vision 2030 healthcare transformation initiatives. The findings demonstrate that biosensor-based point-of-care devices offer significant advantages in terms of rapid turnaround times, reduced sample volumes, and enhanced accessibility to diagnostic services, particularly in remote and underserved regions. However, challenges related to standardization, quality assurance, and workforce training remain substantial barriers to widespread adoption. The paper concludes that strategic implementation of these technologies, supported by robust quality management systems and continuous professional development programs, can significantly enhance diagnostic capabilities and contribute to improved patient outcomes across Saudi healthcare facilities. This work provides valuable insights for laboratory professionals, healthcare administrators, and policymakers engaged in modernizing diagnostic services in alignment with national healthcare transformation goals.
Implications of Legislative Developments for Self-Employed Entrepreneurs for Local Economic Development in Algeria.
This study aims to analyze the impact of legislative developments related to the self-employed entrepreneur system on local economic development in Algeria. It relied on a descriptive-analytical approach through a study of legal texts and an analysis of official data and statistics. The results showed that recent amendments, such as tax exemptions, the expansion of the list of activities, and the inclusion of micro-imports, have contributed to attracting thousands of young people and integrating a significant portion of the informal economy. Digital activities and innovative services have also emerged as a key driver of growth, especially in rural areas. However, financing challenges, weak training, and a lack of digital infrastructure remain obstacles to sustainability, calling for updating the legal framework and strengthening financial and professional support mechanisms.
A Pragmatic Approach to the Editorials of Issues 36 and 50 Argumentative Value in the Editorials of Majallat al-Lugha al-ʿArabiyya.
This study takes a pragmatic approach to the concept of argumentation as an aspect of pragmatics in modern linguistic studies. The editorial is considered a rhetorical practice that aims to influence the intellectual and emotional stance of the readership and bears significant cultural and conceptual responsibility. Due to its importance, editorials frequently occupy the forefront of intellectual discourse in journals and newspapers. This research therefore aims to unveil the manifestations of argumentative achievement and its linguistic techniques in issues 36 and 50 of the Arabic Language Journal, exploring the strategy employed to enhance the argumentative potency of the discourse. The study examines how the author utilises various mechanisms and persuasive tools to embed coherent arguments, either visibly or subtly interlinking them, thereby ensuring the realisation of the discourse’s primary objective.
The Legal Gap in Famine Declarations: A Case Study of Gaza and the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
This paper presents a critical analysis of the procedural and legal weaknesses of international recognition of famine, which will be the international crisis of 2025 in Gaza as a case. Although according to Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC), World Health Organization (WHO), and other UN officials, the conditions of famine that was observed were beyond any doubt that is, acute malnutrition over 15 percent, more than two deaths per 10000 people per day and drastic shortages in the consumption of food, there was no binding claim made by the law. This inconsistency of confirmed technical facts and official legal recognition implies a conceptual lapse in international humanitarian law. The research applies a qualitative case study design to combine a doctrinal analysis of law and process tracing to investigate how political, institutional and sovereignty-related issues hinder the application of empirical data on famine into enforceable humanitarian intervention. The results reveal that the lack of binding famine-declaration mechanisms under international law permits a political instrumentalization of data, postpones intervention, and undermines responsibility of starvation-associated abuses. The Gaza example has shown that famine recognition is a political choice and not an obligation of law or morality. The way to deal with this gap is to incorporate IPC famine thresholds into binding international mechanisms and enhance data transparency and provide independent monitoring mechanisms. A narrowing of the gap between technical verification and legal enforcement is a key to provision of a timely humanitarian response, protection of the right to food and maintenance of the international justice regarding the crisis in the future. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/rcp.1291
"Migration"Migration and Social Integration: A Comparative Analysis of Migrants in Europe and the USA" and Social Integration: A Comparative Analysis of Migrants in Europe and the USA"
This study addresses the topic of migration and social integration by analyzing the factors influencing migrants' ability to integrate into host societies. It highlights the importance of education, language proficiency, and social interaction as key elements facilitating integration. The study also examines barriers such as cultural and racial discrimination. A sample of migrants from France, the United States, and Belgium was selected. The descriptive-analytical method was used to explore the dimensions of the phenomenon. The study aims to offer practical recommendations to improve integration policies. It raises questions about the relationship between education, language, and social interaction in migrants’ integration.
The objective principle: “If a ruling is mentioned in the Sharia, its reasoning is clear, and its benefit is known, then it is obligatory to build upon it and it is necessary to act upon it,” according to Imam Abu Bakr Ibn Al-Arabi Al-Ma’afari
The research examines the principle that "if a ruling is stated in the Sharia, its rationale is clear, and its benefits are known, then it must be implemented and acted upon." The research identifies the principle, the objectives, and the rules of objectives. Also known as Imam Ibn al-Arabi, the study explains this principle, introduces rationalization, and some of its methods in the Qur’an and Sunnah by presenting evidence for the principle. It also clarifies the relationship between the principle and objectives, and addresses Ibn al-Arabi’s position on rationalization in acts of worship. It presents practical examples of Ibn al-Arabi’s principle, and concludes with a set of findings and recommendations.
The Impact of Oil Price Fluctuations on the Public Budget and Fiscal Sustainability in Algeria during the Period 1990–2023
This study examines the impact of oil price fluctuations on Algeria's public budget and fiscal sustainability from 1990 to 2023, employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. It aims to assess the dynamic relationship between oil prices (PP), budget balance (OBB), and non-oil revenues (NORY), focusing on transmission mechanisms of oil shocks to public finances. Results reveal that oil prices are the primary determinant of budget balance, with a 1% increase in oil prices raising the budget surplus by 0.18% in the short term. Conversely, non-oil revenues decline by 15.26 units per unit increase in oil prices, supporting the "Dutch Disease" hypothesis. The findings also highlight pro-cyclical fiscal policies in Algeria, where public spending expands during oil booms and contracts sharply during downturns, exacerbating economic volatility.
The Spiritual and Metaphysical Dimensions of the Environment in Sufism
This paper undertakes a critical examination of environmental consciousness in Sufi thought, with particular emphasis on the metaphysical and ethical dimensions underlying the human–nature relationship. It argues that fundamental Sufi principles—namely compassion, ascetic restraint, and the aesthetic apprehension of divine beauty—form the epistemological and existential foundations of an environmentally responsive worldview. Nature, in this perspective, is not a passive backdrop to human existence but a locus of divine self-disclosure, manifesting the sacred Names and Attributes of God. Accordingly, the study posits that Sufism offers a spiritual paradigm capable of nurturing ecological awareness and ethical responsibility amid the accelerating materialism and environmental degradation of the contemporary world.
Parental Awareness and Preference towards Autism Screening in Dammam, Khobar, and Qatif in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most common lifelong neurodevelopmental diseases diagnosed in children. This study aimed to evaluate the level of parental awareness and preference toward autism screening in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 423 parents in 29 primary health care centers (PHCS) in three different sectors: Dammam, Khobar, and Qatif in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Results: 37.6% participants had a 'low' level of knowledge, 52.2% had a 'medium' level, and 10.2% had a 'high' level of knowledge about ASD. There was a statistically significant relationship between the preference to screen during well-baby clinic visits and total knowledge (p < 0.017). There was a significant association between parents agreeing to their child having a friend with ASD and their willingness to screen online and on-site (p < 0.001 and p < 0.015, respectively). There were significant associations between total knowledge and agreeing that all children with ASD deserve a special form of education and agreeing to their children befriending a child with ASD (p = 0.001 and 0.003, respectively). Conclusion and Recommendations: The level of knowledge about autism in this study sample was medium. Significant efforts should be made to raise knowledge through awareness campaigns. Further studies are needed to create and implement a screening tool in accordance with the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics.
Uses of Bacteriophage on Salmonella in the Poultry Industry
Bacteriophages, or phages, are ubiquitous, species-specific viruses that lyse bacteria upon infection. Historically, phage therapy has been used for the treatment of bacterial diseases that have been difficult to treat with antibiotics. Phages infect and kill bacteria upon infection and can be used for prophylaxis against bacterial infections. These have been isolated from various environmental sources. Several groups have successfully isolated bacteriophages targeting foodborne pathogens. The discovery of penicillin was an important milestone in infectious disease treatment. The widespread use of antibiotics during World War II has changed the outcome of many bacterial infections from acute to chronic. However, because bacteria mutate much more rapidly than eukaryotes, antibiotic resistance enzymes are continuously produced. Since the late twentieth century, antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains have caused numerous outbreaks associated with poultry globally. Vaccination to control these disturbing organisms is anticipated more; however, vaccination strategies are limited against Salmonella due to fastidious serotypes. Therefore, the poultry industry is interested in phage-based biocontrol of Salmonella, which is specific, effective, and non-toxic. Phage therapy of Salmonella can be an alternative or supplementary treatment to traditional methods of application that can efficiently counter this pathogen. Phages have been used to control pathogens in different commodities, environments, and hosts. In the poultry industry, phage treatment of Salmonella minimizes losses caused by bacterial pathogens on animal health and production, thereby enhancing food safety. In recent years, phage-based biocontrol has emerged as a powerful tool to control foodborne infections in humans. Selecting the appropriate phages, phage titer, mode of application, and duration of application are major factors that determine therapeutic effectiveness. Phage cocktails can be administered by oral administration, spraying on eggs, or direct addition to contaminated products. These studies have reviewed the mechanisms of Salmonella transmission in poultry and how bacteriophages can combat this pathogen in poultry flocks. Bacteriophages can be a promising intervention strategy to curb the horizontal and vertical transmission of Salmonella. In the animal housing environment, the use of phages as an aerosol spray during the transfer of eggs could reduce horizontal transmission of Salmonella. Phage biocontrol of Salmonella can also be effectively applied against vertical transmission; for example, oral inoculation of phage preparations can effectively reduce vertical transmission of this pathogen. Among identified Salmonella phages, Felix-O1 is recognized as an efficient candidate for therapeutic applications. Small-scale studies have shown a reduction in bacterial counts following phage treatment application, but industrial-scale application requires thorough safety assessment. A commercial phage product against Salmonella called SalmoFREE was tested in Japan, in which phages were sprayed on the salmon product after slicing. A phage therapy trial including 34,680 broiler chickens indicated no significant mortality or alteration in the gut microbiota in the phage-treated group 14 days following treatment, indicating the safety of the product (Abu Sayem Khan & Rezwana Rahman, 2022).
Visual Testimony Under Occupation: Aesthetic and Ethical Dimensions of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict in Rula Halawani’s "Negative Incursion"
This article analyzes Rula Halawani’s photo series "Negative Incursion" using the framework suggested by Terry Barrett for critiquing photography, including description, interpretation, and moral analysis. The analysis highlights photography’s dual nature—documentary evidence as well as a socio-political tool—specifically applied here in the context of Palestinian life under occupation. Halawani’s stark black-and-white photos, characterized by visual reversal, provoke viewers to consider how widespread military occupation has influenced everyday life for regular citizens. According to Barrett’s model, analysis begins with a close visual reading of the images, highlighting their formal and aesthetic details. In the interpretation, Halawani’s inversion method is presented as a conscious reversal of standard war imagery, challenging viewers to re-examine prevailing war narratives. Lastly, the ethical aspect examines how, with no graphic violence depicted in these photos, the viewer’s reaction is redirected from shock towards contemplation, posing a greater political understanding within the visual portrayal.
The Influence of Insulin Levels on Coagulation Profiles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in KSUMC
Background: This study was conducted at the endocrinology and diabetes clinics at King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), from March 2025 to May 2025. This study was performed to assess the Influence of Insulin Levels on Coagulation Profiles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) by Determining insulin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, including fasting insulin and its approximation using other insulin resistance modalities such as Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). In addition, analyzing the coagulation profile in T2DM patients and investigate the nature of connection between insulin levels and coagulation factor, assess the occurrence of probing risk associated with thrombotic events, compare coagulation profiles among controlled versus uncontrolled diabetic individuals to reach Clinical recommendations to minimize risks of thrombotic complications. The study used the observational, cross-sectional type and descriptive and Analytical. The study recruited patients from King Saud University Medical City's endocrinology and diabetes clinics. Participants included patients with varying degrees of type 2 diabetes control, ages, ethnicities, and disease severities. The goal was to achieve diversity and representation to study the correlation between insulin and coagulation levels. Methodology: The sample size is calculated using a power analysis to ensure sufficient statistical power to detect significant results. Inclusion criteria include a confirmed diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes (eg. 126 mg/dL fasting glucose, HbA1c≥6.5%), age range of 18-75, and clinical setting. Exclusion criteria include Type 1 Diabetes, pregnancy, severe comorbidities, medications altering coagulation, and recent surgery or trauma. Key finding high light that insulin levels significantly affect coagulatory process in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus patients, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia exert polyphasic effects on T2DM-associated prothrombotic state, regardless of glycemic control and confounding traditional risk factors, is supported. Results and conclusion: This study confirmed that Insulin resistance may have a mediating effect on several coagulation disorders. Insulin resistance is a significant risk factor for coagulation abnormalities, despite other factors like age, gender, BMI, diabetes duration, glycemic control, and comorbidities, suggesting a direct pathophysiological link. Disease that is poorly controlled worsens coagulation abnormalities; Insulin therapy may not normalize coagulation suggesting that exogenous insulin therapy may not rectify thIe prothrombotic state imposed by advanced T2DM.
Advanced Technologies and Battlefield Transformation: A Legal and Ethical Reading of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict
Technological advancement is transforming the nature of contemporary armed conflicts. The war between Russia and Ukraine has highlighted the increasingly critical role of advanced technologies—such as artificial intelligence, cyber systems and autonomous weapons on the battlefield. This integration raises legal and ethical challenges within the framework of International Humanitarian Law, requiring an examination of its application and scope. This article first reviews the IHL regulatory frameworks applicable to the use of emerging technologies. It then identifies ethical dilemmas arising from drone attacks, digital sabotage operations and algorithmic disinformation practices. The methodology employed consists of a qualitative documentary approach that integrates sources from 2017 to 2025, including United Nations resolutions, reports from the International Committee of the Red Cross, UNESCO technical documents and analyses from specialized research centers. The corpus is organized into three analytical dimensions: IHL regulation, relevant technological characteristics and political-legal impacts. Through a thematic comparative method, normative standards are cross-referenced with case studies involving kamikaze drones, cyberattacks on critical infrastructure and artificial-intelligence-based facial recognition in military operations. The conclusions reveal regulatory gaps regarding meaningful human control, responsibility attribution, algorithmic transparency and the protection of civilian assets. The analysis shows that the conflict exposes substantive limitations within the current international framework and underscores the need to strengthen these mechanisms to address the challenges posed by disruptive military technologies. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/rcp.1321
The Culture of Patient Safety and its Linkage to Medical error reporting
Patient safety culture (PSC) has become a key concept in healthcare quality improvement that summarizes collective organizational values, beliefs, and norms underpinning the preference of safety over blame. PSC also affects the perception of risk, the discussion of worries and reactions to mistakes, among healthcare professionals. A growing body of literature suggests that PSC is an important indicator of the quality and quantity of medical errors reporting in diverse clinical settings. Underreporting of errors is still widespread despite the general knowledge regarding it, especially in low- and middle-income countries since hierarchical norms, available resources, and fear of harsh penalties tend to suppress free speech (Chegini et al., 2020). The study presented, helps to analyze the interrelation between PSC and medical error reporting, under condition of which leadership, communication, organizational learning, and systemic conditions determine the reporting behavior. It both synthesizes empirical evidence and questions the processes by which a healthy PSC can help identify and report on errors and reduce negative health outcomes in patients. Finally, the paper will argue that procedural changes are not enough to fix medical error reporting, but it requires a more radical cultural change based on systems thinking and the principles of organizational learning.
Serological Evaluation of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections and Assessment of Blood Donor Testing Practices for Promoting Transfusion Safety: A Three-Year, Multi-Donation Center Research
Transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) remain a serious and persistent concern in modern transfusion medicine. Despite remarkable advances in donor screening and testing technology, the goal of completely risk-free blood transfusion still feels distant. This study was conducted across multiple accredited blood centers in the Madinah region between 2020 and 2022 to evaluate both the prevalence of TTIs and the effectiveness of current screening practices. …………………………………………………………………… A total of 104,538 blood donations were reviewed. Initial serological reactivity was identified in 1.01% of samples, and confirmed positivity accounted for 0.39%. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was the most common infection (66.3%), followed by hepatitis C virus (15.9%), syphilis (13.2%), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (3.1%), and HTLV (1.4%). All participating centers complied with AABB, CBAHI, and SFDA standards and were active in CAP external quality programs. In most cases, turnaround time did not exceed 24 hours. Overall, the unit rejection rate was 4%. These results demonstrate that integrated accreditation and quality systems can ensure consistent safety in donor screening and sustain low infection rates over time. Still, maintaining such achievements require continuous monitoring and professional commitment from laboratory teams.
Role Of Digital Transformation In Enhancing Healthcare Service Delivery
Digital transformation has become one of the main agents of change in the health care systems of the world. Healthcare organizations are realizing tremendous efficiency, quality, access, and patient-centered service delivery by introducing technologies including electronic health records (EHRs), artificial intelligence (AI), telemedicine, the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), and big data analytics. This paper discusses how digital transformation can be used to improve healthcare services. It defines the primary reasons for digital technologies adoption, assesses the effects of fundamental dimensions of digital, and examines their effect on clinical decision-making, operational efficiency, and patient interaction. Other issues related to implementation addressed in the paper are critical barriers to implementation that include interoperability challenges, cybersecurity threats, the digital divide, and organizational resistance. It also finds that digital transformation is systematic, and to achieve equitable and sustainable gains in healthcare, there is a need to have coordinated policy, long-term investment, and human capacity building.
Career Progression of Women Executives across Demographic Variables in Service Sector of India
This study examines how the integration of menu engineering and menu innovation can enhance customer experience and strengthen revenue generation in contemporary restaurants. Using a mixed-methods design across twelve mid-scale dining establishments, the research analyzed 68 menu items following contribution margin–popularity metrics and assessed innovation attributes such as ingredient novelty, descriptive richness, and digital enhancements. Customer perceptions were evaluated through surveys and exploratory factor analysis, while structural relationships among innovation, experience, and revenue were validated using Structural Equation Modeling. Results indicate that highly innovative items particularly those categorized as Stars and Puzzles demonstrate superior profitability and stronger customer appeal, whereas low-innovation items disproportionately fall into the Dogs category. Customer responses highlighted visual appeal and informational clarity as key determinants of perceived value. SEM findings confirmed that innovation significantly improves customer experience, which in turn positively influences revenue outcomes. Overall, the study underscores the importance of a data-driven, innovation-oriented approach to menu development that balances financial efficiency with enhanced experiential value.