An Updated Review About Tonsillitis-Overview for Healthcare Professionals
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Tonsillitis, characterized by inflammation of the palatine tonsils, is a common condition often caused by viral or bacterial infections. It accounts for approximately 1.3% of outpatient visits and typically presents with symptoms such as sore throat, fever, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Accurate diagnosis and management are essential to prevent complications and avoid unnecessary antibiotic use, which contributes to antibiotic resistance.
Aim: This review aims to provide healthcare professionals with an updated overview of tonsillitis, including its etiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and evidence-based management strategies, to enhance patient outcomes and promote antibiotic stewardship.
Methods:
The review synthesizes current data on tonsillitis, focusing on its classification, pathophysiology, and underlying causes. Diagnostic approaches, including the Centor criteria, rapid antigen testing, and imaging studies, are discussed. Management strategies, such as supportive care, antibiotics, and surgical intervention, are outlined based on the latest evidence from randomized controlled trials and Cochrane reviews.
Results: Tonsillitis is predominantly caused by viral infections, with bacterial cases primarily attributed to group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS). The Centor criteria are effective for risk stratification and guiding antibiotic use. Supportive care, including NSAIDs and corticosteroids, is the mainstay of treatment for viral tonsillitis, while antibiotics are reserved for high-risk bacterial cases. Complications, though rare, include peritonsillar abscess, rheumatic fever, and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. An interprofessional team approach is critical for accurate diagnosis and effective management.
Conclusion: Tonsillitis is a common condition with a favorable prognosis when managed appropriately. A patient-centered approach, emphasizing accurate diagnosis, judicious antibiotic use, and interprofessional collaboration, is essential for optimizing outcomes and reducing complications.