A Comprehensive review of the Role of Surgical Nurses in Preventing Surgical Site Infections: Evaluating Knowledge, Practices, and Implications for Patient Safety

Abstract

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a significant cause of morbidity and healthcare-associated complications, affecting millions of surgical patients globally. Despite advancements in surgical techniques and infection control practices, SSIs remain prevalent, necessitating effective prevention strategies, particularly in the nursing context.

Methods: This review conducts a comprehensive meta-analysis of existing literature to evaluate surgical nurses' knowledge and practices concerning the prevention of SSIs. Various electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, were systematically searched for relevant studies published until June 2023. The analysis focused on identifying gaps in nurses' knowledge and the factors influencing their practices in SSI prevention.

Results: The findings indicate that only 62% of surgical nurses exhibited adequate knowledge regarding SSI prevention when evaluated on a binary scale. When assessed using a three-point Likert scale, this percentage decreased to 46%, with an additional 27% demonstrating moderate understanding. The analysis revealed significant variability in knowledge levels across different regions, underscoring the need for targeted educational initiatives to enhance nursing competencies in infection prevention.

Conclusion: The inadequate knowledge of surgical nurses regarding SSI prevention highlights a critical gap in healthcare practices that can adversely impact patient outcomes. The review emphasizes the necessity for enhanced training programs and continuous education tailored to nurses' needs. By integrating evidence-based guidelines into nursing curricula and practice, healthcare institutions can significantly reduce the incidence of SSIs and improve overall patient safety.