The Dynamics of Foodborne Pathogens: Review of their Emergence, Impact on Public Health, and Strategies for Mitigation in the Context of Food Safety Management
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Abstract
Background: Foodborne illnesses pose a significant threat to public health, resulting from the consumption of contaminated food or water. These illnesses are often caused by pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites, leading to millions of infections and thousands of deaths annually worldwide. Understanding the dynamics of foodborne pathogens is critical for public health security.
Methods: This review examines the emergence and re-emergence of foodborne pathogens, analyzing factors contributing to their proliferation. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases, including MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using keywords related to foodborne pathogens, emerging diseases, and food safety practices. The review synthesizes findings from published studies to provide insights into the pathways through which these pathogens affect health.
Results: The findings indicate a notable increase in foodborne pathogens attributed to technological advancements in food production, changes in agricultural practices, and shifts in consumer behavior. Emerging pathogens such as E. coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes have been linked to specific food sources, emphasizing the importance of effective food safety management systems. Furthermore, climate change and environmental factors have exacerbated the challenges in controlling foodborne illnesses.
Conclusion: The ongoing emergence of foodborne pathogens highlights the need for comprehensive public health strategies that include improved surveillance, education, and food safety practices. Collaboration among stakeholders in the food supply chain is essential for mitigating risks and enhancing food security.