COVID-19 and Paramedics: Barriers and Enablers-An Updated Review

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 has significantly impacted healthcare systems, placing immense strain on healthcare workers, particularly paramedics. This updated review explores the barriers and enablers faced by paramedics responding to COVID-19 cases, with a focus on their psychological, social, and professional challenges.

Aim: To critically assess literature on the experiences of paramedics during the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying key obstacles and facilitators in prehospital care.

Methods: An integrative review methodology was used, following Whittemore and Knafl’s framework. A systematic search of peer-reviewed studies yielded 361 articles, with nine studies ultimately included after screening for relevance, language, and methodological rigor. Data analysis focused on identifying recurring themes and unique findings related to paramedics’ experiences.

Results: Paramedics faced numerous barriers, including communication challenges, ineffective leadership, fear of infection, PPE shortages, and inconsistent guidelines. Psychological distress, burnout, and concerns about transmitting the virus to loved ones were prevalent. Enablers included resilience, public and organizational support, and effective leadership strategies emphasizing transparency, communication, and staff recognition. Studies highlighted regional differences in challenges and responses, underscoring the need for tailored interventions.

Conclusion: The review reveals significant psychological, social, and operational barriers faced by paramedics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Effective communication, consistent guidelines, and mental health support are critical enablers. Addressing these factors is essential to enhance paramedics’ preparedness and well-being during future public health emergencies.