The Civilizational Impact of Scholarly and Pilgrimage Journeys from the Western Sudan during the middle Ages: An Analytical Study through Three Selected Cases

Abstract

This study examines the civilizational impact of the scholarly and pilgrimage journeys undertaken by scholars from the Western Sudan during the Middle Ages, highlighting their role in enriching the cultural and religious landscape and strengthening connections with the Islamic world. The study focuses on three main cases: the journey of Yahya ibn Ibrahim al-Juddali, which contributed to the dissemination of religious knowledge and laid the foundations for a reform movement that paved the way for the establishment of the Almoravid state; the famous pilgrimage of Mansa Musa, which demonstrated the political and economic standing of the Mali Empire at the international level; and the journey of Askia al-Hajj Muhammad, which reinforced the religious authority of the Songhai Sultanate and contributed to strengthening its relations with the Islamic East. The study demonstrates that these journeys transcended their religious and scholarly dimensions, playing a pivotal role in the transmission of knowledge and the exchange of cultures, thereby consolidating the position of the Western Sudan in the history of Islamic civilization during the Middle Ages.