The Influence of Insulin Levels on Coagulation Profiles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in KSUMC

Abstract

Background: This study was conducted at the endocrinology and diabetes clinics at King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), from March 2025 to May 2025. This study was performed to assess the Influence of Insulin Levels on Coagulation Profiles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) by Determining insulin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, including fasting insulin and its approximation using other insulin resistance modalities such as Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). In addition, analyzing the coagulation profile in T2DM patients and investigate the nature of connection between insulin levels and coagulation factor, assess the occurrence of probing risk associated with thrombotic events, compare coagulation profiles among controlled versus uncontrolled diabetic individuals to reach Clinical recommendations to minimize risks of thrombotic complications. The study used the observational, cross-sectional type and descriptive and Analytical. The study recruited patients from King Saud University Medical City's endocrinology and diabetes clinics. Participants included patients with varying degrees of type 2 diabetes control, ages, ethnicities, and disease severities. The goal was to achieve diversity and representation to study the correlation between insulin and coagulation levels. Methodology: The sample size is calculated using a power analysis to ensure sufficient statistical power to detect significant results. Inclusion criteria include a confirmed diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes (eg. 126 mg/dL fasting glucose, HbA1c≥6.5%), age range of 18-75, and clinical setting. Exclusion criteria include Type 1 Diabetes, pregnancy, severe comorbidities, medications altering coagulation, and recent surgery or trauma. Key finding high light that insulin levels significantly affect coagulatory process in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus patients, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia exert polyphasic effects on T2DM-associated prothrombotic state, regardless of glycemic control and confounding traditional risk factors, is supported. Results and conclusion: This study confirmed that Insulin resistance may have a mediating effect on several coagulation disorders. Insulin resistance is a significant risk factor for coagulation abnormalities, despite other factors like age, gender, BMI, diabetes duration, glycemic control, and comorbidities, suggesting a direct pathophysiological link. Disease that is poorly controlled worsens coagulation abnormalities; Insulin therapy may not normalize coagulation suggesting that exogenous insulin therapy may not rectify thIe prothrombotic state imposed by advanced T2DM.