War as a school of hegemonic masculinities: power, control, and the persistence of gender violence in armed and social conflict settings
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Abstract
This article examines the configuration and reproduction of "hegemonic masculinities" as a structuring dimension of gender-based violence in contexts of "armed and social conflict." Based on an intersectional and critical reading of International Human Rights Law, International Humanitarian Law, and transitional justice normative frameworks, it analyzes how dominant masculine models—articulated around control, force, and the subordination of others—are empowered by the logic of war and extend beyond the cessation of hostilities, maintaining patterns of aggression and inequality in the domestic, community, and institutional spheres. The research underscores the need to incorporate a transformative gender approach into truth, justice, and reparation processes that dismantle the symbolic and material structures that legitimize these forms of power. It also argues that militarized "masculinities" constitute not only a functional instrument of war, but also a persistent obstacle to peacebuilding and the effective guarantee of the rights of women and LGBTI+ people in transition contexts.