An Overview on Predictor of Heart Failure

Abstract

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome resulting from structural or functional cardiac disorders that impair the ability of the heart to pump blood effectively. It is a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality worldwide. Identifying reliable predictors of heart failure is essential for early intervention, risk stratification, and optimizing patient outcomes. Several clinical, biochemical, and imaging markers have been investigated to predict the development or progression of heart failure in both at-risk individuals and patients with established cardiovascular disease