Endometritis: Clinical and Pathological Perspectives for Nursing Practice and Diagnostic Management

Abstract

Background: Endometritis, an inflammatory condition of the endometrial lining, is classified into acute, chronic, and postpartum forms, each with distinct etiologies and clinical implications. Acute endometritis is often linked to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), while chronic endometritis is associated with persistent microbial colonization and reproductive complications such as infertility. Postpartum endometritis, a leading cause of postpartum fever, arises from polymicrobial infection following childbirth.

Aim: This article examines the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and evidence-based management strategies for endometritis, emphasizing the roles of nursing and healthcare professionals in early detection and treatment.

Methods: A comprehensive review of endometritis was conducted, focusing on histopathological findings, microbiological etiology, and clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. The roles of imaging, laboratory testing, and interdisciplinary collaboration were also explored.

Results: Acute endometritis is managed with broad-spectrum antibiotics targeting STIs and anaerobes, while chronic endometritis requires prolonged antibiotic therapy, often guided by endometrial biopsy. Postpartum endometritis necessitates prompt intravenous antibiotics, particularly after cesarean delivery. Diagnostic challenges include overlapping symptoms with other pelvic pathologies and the asymptomatic nature of chronic cases.

Conclusion: Effective management of endometritis relies on timely diagnosis, appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and multidisciplinary care. Chronic endometritis, often undiagnosed, significantly impacts fertility and requires targeted treatment. Postpartum cases demand vigilant monitoring to prevent sepsis. Enhanced patient education and standardized diagnostic criteria are essential to improving outcomes.