Emergency Response to Cocaine Overdose: Roles of Clinicians, Emergency, and Health Information Professionals

Abstract

Background: Cocaine misuse is a significant global public health issue, leading to high rates of emergency department (ED) visits due to acute toxicity. Cocaine’s effects on the cardiovascular and neurological systems can result in life-threatening complications, including myocardial infarction, stroke, hyperthermia, and excited delirium. The rise in polysubstance use further complicates clinical management.

Aim: This article examines the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and emergency management of cocaine toxicity, emphasizing the roles of clinicians, Emergency, and health information professionals in improving patient outcomes.

Methods: A comprehensive review of cocaine’s toxicokinetics, clinical manifestations, and evidence-based treatment strategies was conducted. The roles of emergency responders and healthcare informatics in diagnosis, treatment, and long-term care coordination were also explored.

Results: Cocaine toxicity requires prompt recognition and intervention. Benzodiazepines remain first-line for agitation and cardiovascular symptoms, while labetalol and calcium channel blockers are preferred for hypertension. Hyperthermia demands aggressive cooling. Health information professionals enhance care through electronic health records (EHRs), clinical decision support, and data tracking for public health surveillance.

Conclusion: Effective management of cocaine overdose relies on multidisciplinary collaboration, rapid pharmacologic intervention, and robust health informatics systems. Long-term strategies must integrate addiction treatment and mental health support to reduce relapse and mortality.