Interdisciplinary Evaluation and Management of Acute Pneumothorax: Roles of Pharmacists, Radiologists, and Nursing Professionals

Abstract

Background: Pneumothorax, characterized by air accumulation in the pleural cavity leading to lung collapse, presents variably—from asymptomatic cases to life-threatening respiratory failure. It is classified into spontaneous (primary or secondary), traumatic, and tension pneumothorax, each requiring distinct management approaches.

Aim: This article evaluates the interdisciplinary management of acute pneumothorax, emphasizing the roles of pharmacists, radiologists, and nursing professionals in diagnosis, treatment, and patient education to improve outcomes.

Methods: A comprehensive review of pneumothorax etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging (chest X-ray, CT, ultrasound), and treatment strategies (observation, needle aspiration, chest tube thoracostomy, pleurodesis) was conducted. The roles of healthcare professionals in patient care were analyzed.

Results: Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is often resolved with conservative management, while secondary cases require aggressive intervention due to underlying lung disease. Tension pneumothorax necessitates emergency decompression. Interdisciplinary collaboration enhances diagnostic accuracy, procedural safety, and long-term prevention, particularly through smoking cessation counseling and follow-up care.

Conclusion: Effective pneumothorax management relies on timely diagnosis, appropriate intervention, and coordinated care among physicians, nurses, radiologists, and pharmacists. Patient education on risk reduction is crucial to prevent recurrence.