Philosophical and Legislative Dimensions of Disability in the South Asian Context

Abstract

The 21st century has witnessed significant progress in disability rights across South Asia, particularly following the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (hereinafter called UNCRPD). While, among other countries, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka have introduced new disability laws and policies post-ratification, the implementation gap remains a major immediate challenge. This paper examines the legal provisions and disability policies in these countries, highlighting the persistent discrepancies between legal frameworks and ground realities. Despite the shift toward a rights-based approach, issues such as inadequate accessibility, weak enforcement mechanisms, and existing charity-driven perceptions continue to obstruct complete inclusion. The paper also outlines important strategies for bridging policy gaps, emphasizing accountability, financial aid, awareness, and disability leadership. By addressing these shortcomings, South Asian nations can move closer to achieving a meaningful disability inclusion.